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Beltane/Calan Mai: The Dove and the Sparrowhawk
Beltane/Calan Mai
Clover blooms in the fields
Spring breaks loose, the time is near
What would he do if he found us out?
Crescent moon, coast is clear
Spring breaks loose, but so does fear
He’s gonna burn this house to the groundHow’s one to know?
I’d live and die for moments that we stole
On begged and borrowed time
So tell me to run
Or dare to sit and watch what we’ll become
And drink my husband’s wineIvy by Taylor Swift
The Wheel of the Year turns once again to Beltane/Calan Mai, by far my favourite holiday and time of year. Last night, before laying my offerings, I sang songs to Gwenhwyfar and Rhiannon, and also acknowledged Olwen, Blodeuedd, Creiddylad as May Queens whose energy is strong this time of year.
I also acknowledged these ladies’ consorts, particularly Edern/Ydern the Sparrowhawk Knight as Gwenhwyfar’s lover in the Otherworldly faery realms, and Arthur as her earthly consort.

Edern ap Nudd
But wait, who is Edern?
Edern/Ydern/Isdernus/Yder, known as the Sparrowhawk Knight is a lesser-known Arthurian knight who appears in both antagonist and heroic roles in roughly equal measure, but in most of these stories he always ends up reconciled with Arthur. In the ‘Romance of Yder’, it is Arthur who is antagonistic, being depicted as a selfish and borderline-tyrannical king, and Ydern is depicted as a young, courageous, noble but untested young man desperate to prove himself. He is also a son of Nudd, like Gwyn. Nudd is likely identical with the proto-Brythonic god Nodens. Gwyn is an Otherworldly faerie figure, Lord of the Wild Hunt, which would likely make his brother Edern more-than-human too.
But here’s where it gets interesting. In a cathedral in Italy, Arthur and Edern (as Isdernus) are depicted rescuing Guinevere from a tower, in a motif that parallels the later abduction of Guinevere by Melwas and then Maleagant, in which she is rescued by Lancelot. In an early version of Tristan and Isolde, there is an allusion to Edern being a lover of Guinevere. In the ‘Romance of Yder’, his lover is a ‘Guenloie’, who is likely a split-off version of Guinevere created to keep two traditions alive: Guinevere as the wife of Arthur, and Guinevere as the lover of Edern, without upsetting Christian morality and monogamy norms. In the Modena relief, Edern/Isdernus is not wearing armor, unlike the other knights, which could point to his Otherworldly faery origins, and the fact that in courtly love romances, knights were often depicted as vulnerable before their ladies.

The evidence, to me, seems to suggest that Edern was ‘the original Lancelot’, serving as Gwenhwyfar’s original protector and lover. At first this conclusion was mostly academic and based on research, but I was experiencing such a strong sense of intuition that this was the truth Gwenhwyfar was pushing me to find. Last night, on the eve of Beltane, I had a dream in which she confirmed this for me. I couldn’t believe it. On Beltane! How fitting and magical. I have jokingly said that this discovery has been ‘my Da Vinci Code’ and dubbed it ‘The Modena Code’.
Constructing A Unique Mythognosis
As I have discussed prior, the ‘Gwen’ in Gwenhwyfar’s name means something like white, holy, or blessed. The ‘Hwyfar’ means something like phantom, enchantress, or fairy. In Culhwch and Olwen, Arthur lists Gwenhwyfar among his most prized possessions, many of whom seem to, based on their names, possess magical and otherworldly characteristics. Considering his raid on the Otherworld in Preiddeu Annwfn, is it possible Gwenhwyfar was one of his spoils? A faerie maiden of the Otherworld taken from her home to legitimise the Sovereignty of a mortal king?
Considering the story in the Italian cathedral is parallel to the story of Guinevere’s abduction by Melwas who is identified with Gwyn ap Nudd, an Otherworldly faery king associated with Glastonbury and Avalon, here is the brief shape of my UPG around this whole love… diamond? Square? Please keep in mind I am not presenting this as The Truth, just mine, based on a blend of research and intuition, plus Gwenhwyfar’s messages to me herself.
- Gwenhwyfar is a Queen or perhaps a Princess of the Otherworld.
- Faerie Lords/Kings/Princes Gwyn (who later becomes Melwas, Mardoc and Maleagant) and Edern (who later becomes Ydern, Yder, Isdernus and somewhat Lancelot), brothers, are in love with her. The former represents winter and death, the latter represents summer and life, like several other Celtic love triangles including the one from Culhwch and Olwen in which Gwyn is also involved.
- But there is a third contender in the battle for Gwenhwyfar’s here, too. Arthur, King of the Britons. Perhaps he loves her, perhaps he seeks her hand in marriage to legitimise his sovereignty and claim to the throne. I have mostly positive feelings around Arthur, but I’m aware he is still mostly seen as a Christian king with his own agenda, although he may have earlier origins as a pagan bear god. He finds Gwenhwyfar in the Otherworld and consensually or not, the two end up married. Perhaps this was done to forge an alliance between the Otherworld and the mortal world, as several knights and ladies who seem to have Otherwordly origins end up becoming loyal to Arthur, not just Gwenhwyfar and Edern.
- Edern joins Arthur’s Knights of the Round Table in order to stay close to Gwenhwyfar and protect her even in this new, dense, material world of men and a foreign religion.
- Years go by, Gwenhwyfar beside Arthur as his queen consort, Edern watching from the sidelines. Edern comes in to relative conflict with Arthur a few times, but always ends up remaining loyal to him. Gwenhwyfar learns to appreciate Arthur and believes him to be a good king trying to do right by his people and understands her role in protecting Albion by staying by his side and embodying Sovereignty Herself.
- Gwyn, rightfully annoyed a Christian king is treating a divine faerie goddess as his own possession to legitimise his sovereignty, kidnaps her and takes her back to his Glass Tower in Avalon/Glastonbury. Gwenhwyfar may or may not have complied.
- Arthur, Edern and the other knights show up to get Gwenhwyfar back.
- Gwenhwyfar is returned to Arthur, but her and Edern remain as lovers in secret, much like how she is written with Lancelot.
- Eventually this is revealed. Arthur is destroyed and his sovereignty is lost as he no longer has the favour of the Sovereignty goddess, in the form of his wife, Gwenhwyfar.
- The stories are written down by monks and scholars, and carved into cathedral walls. Gwyn becomes Melwas/Maleagant/Mardoc/Mordred, Gwenhwyfar becomes Guinevere, Winlogee and Guenloie, Edern becomes Yder, Ydern, Isdernus and… Lancelot.
- Edern is canonised as a Christian saint, like many other Celtic deities and Otherworldly/faery figures.
A Note on Totemic Animals
Many Celtic deities are associated with birds, be it birds in general or specific ones. Rhiannon has her Adar Rhiannon, whom I see as songbirds; sometimes robins, sometimes blackbirds, sometimes three different coloured birds whose species I cannot quite place. Cliodhna, the Irish goddess, has similar magical birds. Brigid has a swan. The Morrigan, Morgan le Fay, Bran and Gwyn ap Nudd are all associated with crows and ravens. Bran’s sister Branwen has both the white raven and the starling. Blodeuwedd is of course the owl. Lleu is a majestic eagle. Edern is known as ‘the Sparrowhawk Knight’, and I believe that to be his totemic bird. Gwenhwyfar, though it may be UPG, I associate with a white dove, a classical and Near-Eastern symbol of the love goddess, and Guinevere is syncretically linked to Aphrodite/Venus. She is sometimes depicted with a dove in art. Having just Googled ‘Guinevere and doves’, it turns out doves are actually associated with her in a Grimm brothers tale of Guinevere and Arthur.


In his saint/monk form, Edern is depicted riding a stag, an obvious symbol of the Celtic Divine Masculine that can symbolise death and rebirth due to their shedding and regrowing of their antlers.

In Praise of Guinevere
Navigating the world of UPG vs attested sources can be confusing. I would never want people to end up stumbling upon this personal blog entry annoyed at me for trying to preach that my UPG is The Truth, but I’m certainly not the only one who believes Edern to be Gwenhwyfar’s true love, even if the specifics may be unique to me.
But as a Sovereignty Goddess and a figure associated with Venus, Gwenhwyfar’s love is not bound by Christian morality. She bestows it upon who she sees fit, for reasons I cannot begin to truly comprehend. Regardless of whether her lover is Edern, Lancelot, Arthur, Melwas, Mordred, multiple of these, or she has no consort at all, she remains my Lady, Venus of Albion, Sovereign and complete in herself with or without a consort. I can only implore you, if you are called to worship and work with Gwenhwyfar, to spend time with her, pray to her, and do your own research to figure out who you should honour as her consort(s). She is a most loving, warm but firm goddess who, just like she does with the knights in service to her, shows me how to become a better version of myself. She embodies the paradox of the Lady of Love who both loves you as you already are, and wants you to rise to meet her.

Beltane Blessings
This morning, I awoke early to go and collect morning dew from a local hawthorn tree. When I got there and found her bone dry, I instead just spent some time with her before heading back home to instead dab my face with dew from our own garden. Feeling refreshed, I called in the Wheel of Rhiannon and blessed and consecrated several pieces of jewellery to, Rhiannon, Gwenhwyfar and one to Venus. After that, I recorded a journey meditation for my Beltane gathering this coming Monday, for meeting your faery guide and Gwenhwyfar, which I can share if anyone wants it.
I intend to spend the rest of the day meditating on these themes, sacred union, and enjoying the beautiful golden May sun on my skin. Gwenhwyfar reunites with Edern, and the light half of the year returns. Sunday I am going to a Beltane event with my beloved who is a complete newbie to anything pagan related- breaking him in should be fun! I’ve told him to think of it as like church, but with more whooping, dancing, moving, sensuality, and acknowledgement that all of creation is sacred. On Monday I am hosting my third annual Beltane gathering with my friends- which I think will be the best one yet.
On May 12th, the next full moon- the ‘Flower Moon’, I will conduct a small ceremony in praise of Guinevere. I am currently constructing a system of lunar workings in which for each full moon in the 13 month year, I worship and work with a different Celtic goddess. The Flower Moon corresponds with Guinevere, and next will be Rhiannon.
Blessed Beltane, one and all!

Sources:
https://clasmerdin.blogspot.com/2011/05/modena-archivolt.html
https://clasmerdin.blogspot.com/2011/05/white-winter-king.html
https://clasmerdin.blogspot.com/2011/05/white-phantom.html
https://clasmerdin.blogspot.com/2011/07/isle-of-glass.html
https://clasmerdin.blogspot.com/2011/07/isle-of-glass-2.html
https://www.maryjones.us/jce/edern.html
https://nightbringer.se/the-legend-of-king-arthur/arthurian-characters/y-arthurian-characters/yder-the-son-of-nut/
https://api.pageplace.de/preview/DT0400.9780231879439_A39320851/preview-9780231879439_A39320851.pdf
https://druidry.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/Guinevere-as-Venus-revised.pdf
https://aegtte.weebly.com/de-bruidsjurk-van-guinevere-guineveres-bridal-gown.html -
The Faery Lover & the Manic Pixie Dream Girl Trope

It’s been a hot minute, but I have a notes app list of ideas to write blog posts about! So I’m hoping to get back into the swing of things.
It always seems to be this time of year I get the urge to post on my blog. I think it’s because Beltane is the summation and epitome of everything my ‘path’ celebrates: sexuality, vitality, Celtic storytelling, sacred union, love, the faery world, the Sovereignty Goddess. Beltane is the festival in which we celebrate the marriage between the archetypal Celtic Queen and King. Of course, this marriage is the metaphysical basis for all the seasons, and the sovereignty goddess is the central axis upon which the festivals spin around, but if I had to choose one Celtic holiday to sum up the ‘Celtic Hieros Gamos’ it would be Beltane. I have made a number of posts referencing these ideas now, which you can find if you scroll back through my blog.
The Faery Queen and her Human Consort
As a Priestess of Rhiannon in training, one of the main Sovereignty stories I’m thinking about this particular Beltane is the story of Rhiannon and Pwyll from the first branch of the Mabinogi. Most of you reading this will already be familiar with the story, but if not, I recommend reading or watching a summary of it first. This story will feature heavily in the latter part of the post.

Rhiannon’s story is only one story in our collective Celtic consciousness about the ‘Faery Lover’ or ‘Faery Bride’- a mystical woman, arguably a goddess, who comes out of the mists or the waters or some other liminal faery gateway to take a human man as her lover. Quite the far cry from the timid medieval princess being married off to a stranger for the benefit of her father’s worldly kingdom, the Faery Lover often has agency, and chooses her lover for herself. In many of the stories, she only chooses a man who is already in right-relationship with the land and the world of Faery, and through her divine sexuality that anoints and empowers, he becomes a king. There are different versions of the Faery Lover/Queen/Bride motif, however- sometimes, the Faery Bride does not have much say in the matter, but usually when she is married off against her will, or is mistreated by her human husband, tragedy befalls the man or his kingdom. The Faery Queen/the Sovereignty Goddess will not accept marriage or sexual union with a man she doesn’t choose without putting up a fight. Sometimes, she is the hinge in a love triangle between two men who represent the polarities of Winter/Summer, Old/Young or the Otherworld/This World, and betrays one for the other to represent the changing of the seasons or the ruling order of the realm. Sometimes, she presents her human lover with trials or challenges, which represent the man’s initiation into kingly, divine masculinity. We see this in stories of Courtly Love, where the Lady, such as Guinevere, represents the Faery Lover/Queen. We also see this with Morgan le Fay, who is usually presented as an adversary to Arthur’s knights rather than a lover to most of them, but nevertheless falls into the archetype of the Faery Queen ‘cruelly’ presenting the knight (male initiate) with trials, which ultimately make him into a better, stronger man.
The Manic Pixie Dream Girl
The ‘Manic Pixie Dream Girl’ trope, is a phrase that describes a pattern in (mostly modern) storytelling. In MPDG stories, we begin with a normal, average Joe, ‘everyman’ type of guy, often with a mundane office job that takes up the majority of his time. He goes home to his apartment every evening, watches the news, eats dinner, and goes to sleep, and then repeats this every day hereafter apart from on the weekends where he does some equally mundane ‘normie’ leisure activity. His life is fine, he may be slightly depressed, but he’s otherwise ‘just getting on with it’. Until one day, he meets this woman. She is larger-than-life, quirky, interesting, bohemian, devil-may-care, eccentric, mischievous, philosophical, ‘different’. She enlivens his world in a way he hasn’t experienced since he was a child. Sounds romantic, right? Except often, the MPDG has no goals or desires of her own. She exists to ‘enlighten’ the male protagonist, to be projected upon in his quest to bring whimsy and magic back into his life, and that’s it. Some writers play with deconstructions of the trope, in which the MPDG may actually be mentally ill (‘manic’ in a literal sense) and thus deeply troubled (Effy from Skins, Alaska from Looking For Alaska), or they show that the male protagonist was only using her in his quest for self-discovery and abandons her when he has absorbed enough of her sparkle. He may also try to make her ‘normal’ by the end of the story once he no longer needs her to be her faery-esque self, both in critical deconstructions of the trope or uncritically in media utilising the trope itself (typically older media). We see this archetypal pattern play out in real life, too. Tropes are just media versions of archetypes, and archetypes define our lived reality.

If you ask me, the Manic Pixie Dream Girl can be seen in two ways that are interconnected: 1) A modern version of the ‘Faery Lover’ archetype, and 2) Man’s subconscious desire for sacred union with the Divine Feminine, or Goddess. The MPDG shows him there is another way to live, another way to view the world. His world is black and white before he finds Her, who fills it with vibrant colour. She is his initiator into the ways of the Divine Feminine.
Human Women Aren’t Goddesses
Now, I don’t actually think this is inherently a bad thing at all. I actually think it’s beautiful that women can help men enter sacred union with the Goddess. Women represent the portal between this world and the Otherworld, through our wombs that can be seen as portals. This is why I think stories of a free, lively woman brightening up a man’s life can be a representation of something both real and healthy: the way feminine power can be a true blessing to men. The problem lies wherein the man forgets that his woman is not actually the Goddess, but a human woman. Yes, she has the Goddess within her, and he recognises that. She becomes a mirror to him, and in seeing Goddess within her, he finds God within himself. He realises there is more to this world than his 9-4 office job, the pub and watching the evening news. But she is not actually the Goddess, and both parties must remember that. I truly dislike the new age spirituality trend of human women being called ‘goddesses’. I find it both blasphemous hubris, but also dangerous to a woman’s spiritual journey, especially if she is having this projected on to her by a male partner who expects her to be the perfect image of the infallible, shining Venus, with no ‘human baggage’. And in the oldest stories, Venus isn’t always the radiant, exalted Queen of Heaven. She also finds herself on her hands and knees, in the Underworld, stripped of all her power. Men raised in a patriarchal society (which is most of them) often have a much easier time accepting the light feminine than the dark. The woman’s partner who is projecting his desire for the Goddess onto her may not accept this cthonic aspect of her inner Venus, especially if he has not integrated his own shadow. The idea that projecting an image of Venus/the Goddess onto human women can be contrary to women’s liberation is also present in criticisms of Courtly Love, wherein the idealised Lady was seen as functionally identical to Venus or the Virgin Mary. Whilst Courtly Love certainly did uplift the status of women in my opinion, it is valid to claim it is not identical to the aims of today’s feminism. Feminism needs to allow room for women to make mistakes, to be human. In order not to fall into this idealisation/pedestal pitfall, it may be helpful for a man to meet and integrate his own inner feminine first before becoming the lover of an archetypal ‘Faery Woman’, or to already have a relationship with the Goddess without the need for a female partner to be a perfect reflection of Her for him. Just like how it is helpful for women to learn to ‘rescue themselves’ without needing their Prince Charming to do it for them. This doesn’t mean a woman cannot love the structure and safety provided by the Divine Masculinity in her male partner, or that a man cannot love the magic and radiance provided by the Divine Femininity in his female partner, but that in order to avoid falling into projecting an unrealistic ideal onto your partner, you must find it in yourself, or in the actual Divine, first.
Another problem that might occur when a ‘Normie’ Man falls for a Faery Woman that her way of living and viewing the world may not always serve him and his lifestyle. What happens if he wants her to prioritise a corporate job and make more money, but she would rather work fewer hours in order to honour her feminine cycles and need for rest? What happens if he wants her to be more ‘normal’ before his friends and family, but she refuses to hide her true self? What happens if their parenting styles clash because she wants to homeschool their children in a wild and holistic way and he’d rather them go to a traditional school? The man may unconsciously believe that the ‘Otherworldly Faery Goddess’ nature of his partner may be nice in the bedroom, or when he needs a break from the slog of his 9-5, but not in the ‘real world’. The very qualities he once loved about her now become something he comes to dislike. The man may let modern society’s patriarchal norms colour his perceptions of his ‘Faery Goddess’, and he may come to see her ‘Faery Goddesss’ traits as ridiculous, uncivilised or unhinged, where he once saw those same traits as the missing puzzle piece in his life. He tries to ‘tame’ her.
Rhiannon and Pwyll
In the first branch of the Mabinogi, before Pwyll even meets the otherworldly faery goddess/queen Rhiannon, he goes on an initiation through the Otherworld as a favor to Arawn, the king of Annwn (sometimes seen as interchangeable with Gwyn ap Nudd). Rhiannon, presumably hearing of this brave and adventurous man in her own faery world, comes to earth to seek him out to be her husband, despite being betrothed to another man. By being already initiated in the ways of Faery, Pwyll impresses Rhiannon, and the two end up marrying. But despite his Otherworld initiation, they do not live Happily Ever After. When Rhiannon is struggling to conceive a child, Pwyll’s court and people began to turn on her. Finally, she gives birth to a beautiful, healthy baby boy and is in their good graces again. But when their baby disappears from Rhiannon’s bedside in the middle of the night, Rhiannon’s cowardly handmaidens, fearing they’ll be blamed, smear their sleeping mistress with puppy blood, and accuse Rhiannon of killing her own son. Rhiannon doesn’t fight back, and takes the blame, in what I personally perceive to be an act of compassion and grace for her handmaidens not unlike Jesus dying on the cross for the sins of the world, as well as perhaps resignation that she wouldn’t be believed even if she defended herself and denied wrongdoing. While it doesn’t say this in the text, I imagine Pwyll’s court and people would’ve had an easy time accepting Rhiannon’s guilt because they likely already viewed her as ‘other’. She came out of the worlds of Faery. She is different, potentially dangerous, to these human tribes who have already at this point began shifting into true patriarchy, which views the feminine and the Faery realms as something to fear. Sound familiar? Like I said earlier, a man can turn on his MPDG or Faery Lover once other people’s thoughts and opinions get into his head. Rhiannon’s Otherworldly nature, that Pwyll once adored about her, is now something to be feared- Nature and powerful women something to be feared, as was quickly becoming a core axiom of the new patriarchal order that was falling out of harmony with the subtle, mystical, and arguably feminine Otherworld.
In punishment for the crime of infanticide she did not commit, Rhiannon is sentenced to play the role of her mare for years, offering to carry visitors to Pwyll’s palace on her back. The mare, once a symbol of her power and sovereignty, has now become a symbol of her shame and humiliation, just like her Faery nature has now become something to be feared and reviled.
Later on, finally, Rhiannon is vindicated. A peasant couple found her baby in their stable, and have been raising him for years. He is strong, healthy and unharmed. The kingdom rejoices, and so does Pwyll, but he never so much as offers her an apology in the story. Rhiannon names her son Pryderi, meaning ‘anxiety’, to represent the years she spent mourning for him and fearing that he is dead.
After Pwyll presumably dies, Pryderi arranges a marriage between his mother and Manawydan fab Llyr, who is often interpreted as the god of the sea. You can take this as a patriarchal act of a woman needing to have a husband to be provided for, and her son handing her over to her new ‘master’, but you can also take it, as I tend to do, as it being Rhiannon’s choice. As I mentioned earlier, many ‘Faerie Bride’ stories feature a love triangle between her and two men representing the polarities of Dark/Light, Old/Young or Mystical Otherworld/Ordered Civilisation. While Pwyll had made his Otherworld journey and at one point was in alignment with the Otherworld, he arguably fell out of alignment with it when he humiliated Rhiannon in favour of the anxieties of the ‘civilised’ world against the so-called ‘chaotic, dangerous’ Otherworldly faerie woman/goddess. Manawydan, as a sea god, very much represents the forces of the Otherworld, and thus Rhiannon taking him as her husband may represent a sort of ‘homecoming’ for her, as the sea was often thought to be associated with the Otherworld, or the portal through which one enters it. Horses, too, in some of the Celtic and other Indo-European thought seem to have been associated with the sea. Manawydan’s Irish cognate Manannán rode a magical horse named Enbarr, whose name means ‘froth’, bringing the image of the horse-like appearance of the frothy white waves. Rhiannon’s white mare has also been interpreted as one of these oceanic horses, too.

Compare the above to the other Faerie Bride love triangles, in many of which the Faery Bride ends up choosing to be with the ‘Otherworldly’ man, and you could argue that these stories serve as a warning to the real life human men who choose to be with a ‘Faery’-esque, ‘Manic Pixie Dream Girl’-esque woman. If you don’t respect her Faery ways, if you try to shame her, tame her, and can’t accept her for who shame is, she may leave you for a man who can.

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Taylor the Ritualist, Ceremonialist, Priestess and Swiftian Divine Feminine Values

(Note: there are times in this post where I address women only just because that’s primarily who I work with in my own Priestessing, and I am very Divine Feminine centric in my approach, but that obviously doesn’t mean only women can be witches, that every Swiftie is female, or that people who aren’t women can’t experience the Divine Feminine).
I saw a review for an Edinburgh Eras Tour show which described it (positively) as a ‘mass ecstatic ritual’. Many of the typical crowd (evangelical Christians and those adjacent) view this as a bad thing, because they hate anything slightly resembling witchcraft or paganism, but to me I see it as something extraordinarily positive and powerful.
I was at Liverpool Night 1, and it really solidified my theory that Taylor is a priestess of the Goddess leading us in ritual. Perhaps she is conscious of this, perhaps she isn’t, but it lies within her.
The purpose of ritual, as well as to worship, is to create the conditions to allow us to experience the Divine through our emotional bodies and our spiritual bodies alike. This can be a huge catalyst for healing, processing, letting go, or revelation and epiphany. The purpose of a priestess/priest is to lead us through that, by acting as a mediator between Goddess/God/the Divine/Gods/Sprit and the ritual attendees. As much as I cringe when people call Swiftieism a religion and call Taylor their god, there is truth in the idea that a concert, especially one as emotionally charged as the Eras Tour thanks to the emotional resonance of Taylor’s music, is a ritual. In Rome, once a year women would attend a festival for Bona Dea (meaning Good Goddess) that was exclusively women only. We don’t know exactly what went down there but if similar mystery cults are an indicator we can assume it was an ecstatic ritual. Without the outright religious element and the women only element I feel as though the Eras Tour functions somewhat as a modern version of what I imagine the Bona Dea festival was like.
The Divine Feminine, unlike the Patriarchal Masculine (not the true Divine Masculine who is the Goddess’s lover) is all about accepting all emotions as part of life. We do not separate things into ‘good’ and ‘bad’ emotions or experiences, we seek to integrate the dark, hysterical, messy parts of ourselves and love them as much as we love our fun, happy, loving parts because it’s only when we shed light on our darkness that we can utilise it for good. We know that female rage is a sacred thing. We know that when our heart breaks, it opens us up to let more love in. Divine Feminine-oriented women love our sensuality and sexuality, and take pleasure in our own bodies, rather than view it as something that exists solely to please our husband who is seen in patriarchy as our sexual master and us as private property, or men in general when we are seen as public property. We see other women as our sisters and allies, and not competition. We know women and femininity aren’t just one thing but a diverse range of archetypes that can coexist at once. All of that is very much in alignment with Swiftian values. A Taylor concert then becomes a ritual or ceremony that brings all of that into coalescence.
When Taylor and her dancers performed Lover, Enchanted or Love Story, I felt the presence of the Goddess of Love (duh). When she sang Don’t Blame Me, Ready For It? and I Can See You, I felt the Lover again, but this time in a more sexy and erotic way. When she sang Shake It Off, But Daddy I Love Him, Fearless and You Belong With Me, I felt the presence of the unbothered, playful Maiden. When she and her dancers performed Willow, an obvious one, I felt the earthy, mystical Goddess of the Witches. When she performed Look What You Made Me Do or Who’s Afraid of Little Old Me?, I felt the presence of the angry and vengeful Goddess. When she sang The Smallest Man Who Ever Lived and Illicit Affairs, I felt the presence of the Goddess of Grief. When she performed marjorie, I felt the love of all of our beloved ancestors present in the stadium, pouring their love onto us.
Beyond the Eras Tour, Taylor has always used Divine Feminine imagery and symbolism in her writing and visuals, either consciously or subconsciously. From the ’13’ on the back of her hand, to her Inanna-esque declaration that ‘I rose up from the dead, I do it all the time’ and the snake imagery from that same era, to her usage of the images of Classical goddesses Diana/Artemis, Venus/Aphrodite and Themis to convey themes in her work.

Taylor is not a goddess, and it makes me cringe to hear people say so. But I think what the Swifties who say that are trying to express is that Taylor is a priestess, whether this is intentional or not (personally I think she is clued into this stuff, as certain lyrics in her last album and other things she’s said/done would lead me to believe). There’s nuance here and I don’t want to take it too far or too literally, because after all, it isn’t actually a religious ceremony and there is no Deity being literally and overtly invoked. But the Goddess/Divine Feminine has always hidden in plain sight ever since She was suppressed in Western civilisation. You can find echoes of her in art, fairytales, other literature, even in the patriarchal religions themselves (Virgin Mary etc). To quote other incredible female singer-songwriters The Indigo Girls: “Pushed under by the main press, buried under a code of dress / Relegated by the Vatican / But you can’t keep a spirit down that wants to get up again.” The Eras Tour is about Taylor on one level, but on the spiritual level there’s more going on here. She is mediating Divine Feminine energies to her fans. She is acting as a Priestess.
As a pagan and specifically a Goddess-centric one, I truly believe many Swifties, especially atheist ones, would find even more Swift-esque joy in Goddess religion and Divine Feminine spirituality, but it’s up to them to make that jump if they want to, as we do not evangelise.
People, especially women but not exclusively, all over the world have been consciously remembering the Goddess for the past century or so. But I believe just as many are remembering Her subconsciously. She doesn’t stop touching us and healing us and loving us just because we don’t consciously acknowledge or worship Her. She is always there, leading every single person who allows themselves to surrender to their emotions and heart through their healing. And despite what anyone says, I know what I felt in that room on Thursday night. I know that I felt a strong energetic shift unlike anything I’ve ever experienced outside of actual dedicated pagan, Goddess and Divine Feminine centred spaces. And I’m not the only one who felt it, either. Several of my friends who attended messaged me to tell me the same thing. Traumas they’ve been unable to let go of are suddenly gone, as are limiting beliefs and fears and self-loathing.
So yes, Satanic panic conspiracy theorists, the Eras Tour is a ritual.
And that’s a beautiful thing.

~ Rhianwen
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Reflections on Beltane: The Goddess of Sovereignty & Feminine Power

It is the first day of May, and for the first time this year, we’ve had our first *properly* warm weather in my neck of the woods. Couldn’t be more fitting.
It’s the time of year where you look out the window and see bird couples cosying up to each other like a newlywed couple on their honeymoon. Despite the start of winter being labelled ‘cuffing season’ where people try to couple up to seek companionship and warmth in the cold months, it is this time of the year that is most aligned with romantic love and sexuality. Traditionally, young couples would go into the woods together on May Eve to make love and come back with flowers.

Art Credit In some of the modern pagan religions who take their inspiration from ancestral Celtic myth and lore, this is the time we acknowledge the marriage of the Sovereignty Goddess, Goddess in the aspect of Lover-Queen, and the divinely anointed King. The Goddess chooses the King who is right for the land, making him Her chosen Lover, Champion and Protector. He is an absolutely necessary part in fulfilling and executing Her visions. To quote Caitlín Matthews in her illuminating Mabinogi companion King Arthur & the Goddess of the Land:
The king’s union with the land, the Goddess of Sovereignty, is a very special one characterised by an exchange of energies and powers: the king swears to uphold his land and people and to be true to them, while Sovereignty gives him otherwordly gifts enabling him to keep his oath. At its base, the Celtic concept of Sovereignty is related to the Middle Eastern concept of wisdom as Sophia, who consorts with kings as the creative and wisdom-bestowing mystic woman appearing in the form of either an angelic presence or an earthly woman. Solomon and Sheba are the prime example of this king-Sophia paradigm. In British symbolism, Arthur and one of Sovereignty’s representatives, such as Gwenhwyfar, exemplify the similar king’s paradigm.
This dynamic is hotly debated. I have read some hardcore reconstructionists and feminists alike caution against romanticising it too much as they believe it is nothing more than a patriarchal construct in which patriarchal monarchy is validated through claiming the Goddess gives them the right to conquer a land. And sure, we can’t know for sure that it wasn’t that, but we can’t know for sure that it was, either. To me, this seems very obviously an example of a time where patriarchal civilisation/order cracks and underlays the matriarchal, dare I say gynocentric foundations it is based upon. The masculine may rule in the outer realms, with our society being patriarchal for much of history, but the feminine rules the inner realms. In fact, many Celtic tribes were matrilineal, and while it was men who were the regnant rulers, the right to rule, the literal ‘divine right of kings’, was passed through the female line, meaning the king’s nephew through his sister, not his son, would inherit the crown (which potentially is what the struggle between Arthur and Mordred is referencing). To quote Caitlín Matthews once again from the same book:
Sovereignty is not merely a passive archetype, some kind of negative cypher whose sole purpose is to empower kings and heroes. As a goddess and through her human representatives she exists in her own right and actively promotes, obstructs, or dismisses her chosen candidates. She and her elect continually modify and develop their relationship; as the essential quality of the land personified, Sovereignty has the right to change her mind and frequently does so. Even Arthur himself is not exempt from her strictures.
And…
Throughout the course of our study of the relationship between Sovereignty and her champion, we note that the Goddess is not submissive, mild and biddable; rather, she is a powerful force armed with subtle skills and deep wisdom.
I’ve talked the ear off anyone who will listen to me ramble about this topic but there has been an obsession in the new age spirituality community (and its branch-off- the polarity dating coach scene) for a while to exalt ‘feminine submission’ and to push the narrative that the true ‘nature of the divine feminine’ is to submit to a powerful man. I’m aware that some people’s definition of ‘submission’ is different from my own, but following the dictionary definition, that term does not refer to most divine feminine figures I am aware of. New age spirituality is often just evangelical Christianity cosplaying as paganism or esoterica and I’m getting quite sick of it. It’s no reason why so many of them end up reverting back to Christianity (which I have no problem with in and of itself) and immediately start denouncing their previous path as demonic and evil. There is a very clear pipeline, and the misogyny found in both movements is very much the same. Whether this has been a feature of the new age movement from the beginning or has been a subtle takeover from the ‘alpha male’ dating coach bros, I don’t know, but I’m tempted to say it’s a combination of both, perhaps. But ‘divine feminine’ does NOT mean ‘divinely ordained Abrahamic patriarchal gender roles’, it means the power of the Goddess, that lives in everyone and everything, though women are the most direct embodiment of Her power on earth. We ourselves are not goddesses (Caitlín has recently written about this on her Substack– I highly recommend subscribing or grabbing the free trial so you can read it and its follow-up posts yourself) but we certainly are Her hands upon the earth, and if the Goddess herself is not submissive, why would we be?
Certainly there is a time and a place to let a man lead, make decisions, etc. Many women in the modern day feel burned out. Women are overtaking men in many areas of public life, but as a result of this they feel overworked and exhausted. Many feel the need to compete with men in the workforce to ‘prove’ they can ‘do everything a man can’- and that’s no good either. Your work ethic should come from you, not some desire to prove a point and it should not come at the expense of your emotional, mental, physical and spiritual wellbeing. Furthermore, many women in the dating scene, myself included, have expressed frustration with male passivity at the moment. Men are too frightened to initiate anything with women they’re attracted to and refuse to lead in anything. Just look at the comments in any video of Travis Kelce and Taylor Swift interacting to see how much many women, even feminist/liberal ones, find it attractive when a man is able to lead, be protective and masculine. But this doesn’t make every women at the receiving end of this inherently ‘submissive’. She leads in her own way, through setting the emotional, spiritual, sexual and romantic tone of the relationship. Through being the divine power source of masculine executive action. She plays the role of the Sovereignty Goddess. She is leading in the subtle, otherworldly, divine realms.
I have seen it said that the role of femininity is to support, amplify and nurture the masculine’s vision and power, but as a Goddess-worshipping Celtic pagan I can’t help but laugh at this because whilst it may be true in the sense of Abrahamic-traditionalist relationship structures, it is ignoring that this is mirrored in many pagan traditions where the role of the masculine is to support, protect and execute the visions and power of the feminine. It really depends on which angle you’re approaching it from and in which sense you’re actually talking about.
That’s not to say there aren’t times when the Goddess appears passive and submissive in these stories, but it is usually against Her will. In the fourth branch of the Mabinogion, Blodeuedd is created as the perfect, biddable, pliable, submissive wife for Lleu Llaw Gyffes. It is not until Lleu is away and she falls in love with the hunter Gronw Pebyr that she breaks free from this spell, initiated into decisive feminine sexuality that allows her to choose who she’ll love- and she chooses Gronw. Some pagan scholars have interpreted this as a seasonal allegory. The Sovereignty Goddess switches between a King representing Summer/Order/Light and a King representing Winter/Chaos/Darkness in order to hold the seasons in balance. I have talked about this here this time last year. There is a misinterpretation that the Winter King/Summer King narrative was invented by Robert Graves, but he only created a modern framework for a very old pattern in Celtic mythology. We see this same thing with Creiddylad as she is kidnapped by Gwyn Ap Nudd when she is due to be wed with Gwythyr. Gwenhwyfar, also, in many early Arthurian stories, is abducted by men in a similar fashion. Interestingly enough, with both of these stories there have been interpretations that these ‘abductions’ are actually rescue missions- the man that represents the Otherworld rescuing an Otherworldly faerie woman from her Christian captors and taking her back home. When the French got a hold of Arthuriana, they create Lancelot, and the abduction becomes a consensual love story. Lancelot is associated with the Lady of the Lake, and thus represents the Otherwordly Champion aspect of the divine masculine to Arthur’s Solar Hero.
Other goddesses/figures I consider to embody this Sovereignty Goddess (both in the Celtic tradition and otherwise) archetype are:
- Olwen
- Elen Luyddog
- Rhiannon
- Modron
- Morgan le Fay
- Elaine of Corbenic
- Macha
- Áine
- Isolde
- Mary Magdalene
- Sophia
- Inanna
- Helen of Troy
- Isis
And many more.
I am currently reading a book on courtly love- a medieval literary genre that influenced gender roles in the medieval court. Because of courtly love, women went from being seen as temptresses and the embodiment of evil, to the driving force behind all great masculine action, mediatrices between God and man, embodiments of Venus, and yes, the Sovereignty Goddess. Women hold the Power of Love, which transforms and initiates the masculine, as seen in the Heroes Journey. After all, what does a man getting on one knee to propose represent if not this? This ontological view throws a wrench in the submissive woman and ancillary femininity paradigm. In the courtly love dynamic, the feminine is the centre, the masculine is the protective rim that moves around her. I’ve talked about similar ideas to this in other posts. My path is extremely Goddess focused, but that does not mean I reject divine masculinity. Without the direction and executive powers of the masculine, the raw creative power of the Goddess would have nowhere to go. He carries out Her mission. In spiritual matters, the divine feminine leads, and so my spiritual path is divine feminine focused. In the physical, every day realm, I want a man who can step into his divine masculinity to lead in the physical. It’s not inaccurate to say neither of us are submitting to the other but actually I’d say we both are submitting to each other. And, of course, even if we are more feminine or more masculine we should each seek to integrate our animus/anima and incorporate aspects of both in order to lead the most fulfilled lives and not rely entirely on the opposite sex to embody all of the other traits for us (still working on this myself).
Ultimately, for me, Beltane is a celebration of all of this, and the most important festival in my personal observation of the Wheel of the Year. For most pagans it seems to be Samhain, for me it’s Beltane. I named my blog Idylls of the Queen for a reason, a play on Tennyson’s Idylls of the King. There is a whole feminine realm to Arthuriana that has gone over a lot of people’s heads until very recently, thanks to the work of the Matthews’, Dion Fortune, pioneers of the Avalonian branch of the Goddess movement, and many others, and much of it concerns this idea of the divine feminine as the true power driving the events of the stories: NOT the Christian god. In order to acknowledge divine feminine power, we need to look beyond the material, the exoteric, the obvious. We need to pull back the veil, go beneath the surface, read between the lines.
The Devil isn’t in the details, the Goddess is.

Further study:
- Blodeuwedd: Welsh Goddess of Seasonal Sovereignty by Jhenah Telyndru
- Rhiannon: Divine Queen of the Celtic Britons by Jhenah Telyndru
- Ladies of the Lake by Caitlín and John Matthews
- Courtly Love: The Path of Sexual Initiation by Jean Markale
- Priestess of Avalon, Priestess of the Goddess by Kathy Jones
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The Maiden of Spring: Hope and Sorrow

Well, it’s been a hot minute!
I know I’ve abandoned this blog, and I can’t say for sure that I’m ‘back’, but I am going to try to post on here at least once a month going forward.
For the last 3 weeks or so I’ve not been in a great mood, ranging from just kind of low to completely emotionally distraught to feeling just numb inside. I deactivated Facebook, stopped replying to inboxes and have spent a lot of time just enjoying my own company and resting, experiencing an inner winter even as spring is blooming.
Today is the spring equinox, with the fixed modern pagan observance of Ostara happening tomorrow on the 21st. Walking to and from work this week has been lovely. Monday in particular had beautiful weather and I decided to walk to work instead of getting the bus, but regretted wearing a jumper, leggings, long boots and my winter coat when I could’ve at the very least gotten away with my denim jacket instead of the coat. It’s that awkward time of year where you never know how to dress.I always really notice a palpable energy shift this time of year. I don’t just mean because the weather is different and because the earth looks different, but it feels almost like in late March we’ve stepped into a slightly different version of the world. It’s not something that can be described logically with words, but something you just feel with your body & soul. In the Celtic traditions, liminal spaces are seen as extremely magically potent. The shift from winter into spring and the shift from summer into autumn are, to me, the most magically potent times of year because they are extremely liminal. The shifts from autumn to winter and spring to summer are noticeable too, but not almost as much.
Many of the trees are covered in lovely, delicate pink blossoms. The Earth Goddess wears the mantle of the Spring Maiden. Women’s mystery traditions such as Dianic Witchcraft and the Glastonbury Avalon tradition observe the seasons as the Goddess ageing, dying and being reborn, and work with the uncanny resembles that has to the cycles in human women’s own lives, be that on a macro level (birth to death), or a micro level (our menstrual cycles). Other Neopagans view the Goddess as ageless and it is instead it is Her son or lover who goes through this process. Some see it as both. In the Filianic tradition which I used to be a part of and still somewhat align with, as Neoplatonists it is believed that the cycles of the earth reflect eternal truths and metaphysical events that take place outside of matter, time and space. In Filianism, the Spring Equinox and the days leading up to it are observed as the death and rebirth of God the Daughter, the World Soul who mediates the light of the Divine Mother to us here on earth.
Goddesses who embody the archetype of the young spring maiden (who I typically see as a teenager of about sixteen years old) include Ostara/Eostre (who, regardless of whether or not she was an invention by the monk Bede or actually worshipped, certainly is a goddess who is worshipped and adored today so it doesn’t matter. I also personally do believe she was really worshipped, and an obvious descendant of the H₂éwsōs lineage of Indo-European dawn goddesses), and Kore/Persephone. You could broaden this to include Brigid, though I’m specifically talking about goddesses often associated with this time of year and Brigid is obviously more associated with Imbolc. Similarly, you could broaden this category to include the May Queen goddesses such as Flora, Olwen, Gwenhwyfar, Creiddylad and Blodeuedd, though in terms of women’s mysteries archetypes I see them as embodying the Lover archetype which I see as a woman in her twenties, and they are obviously more associated with Beltane.
The element and cardinal direction associated with the season of Spring will differ depending on your tradition. In the Glastonbury Avalon tradition, it is associated with the cardinal direction East and the element of Fire. In Filianism, it is also associated with the cardinal direction East but instead of Fire, the element of Water. I can see arguments for both of these. On the one hand, the sun rises in the East and Spring is associated with the rising of the sun, which is a huge ball of fire. Fertilising heat quickens and awakens the land from slumber. On the other hand, it also makes sense for Summer to be associated with Fire instead, leaving Water for Spring. In many parts of Europe, especially here in the UK, Spring (especially March and early April) still tends to be very wet (although this is changing due to global warming).
But related to the idea that spring is the season of water, I wanted to explore a quote I read about the Spring Maiden recently, and relate it back to my life and personal journey at the moment.“Ostara is usually experienced as a young maiden – as Ember Cooke writes, ”…old enough to bear children, but not a mother.“ She is wreathed in flowers or new greenery, and often dances.
She is often joyous, but can just as easily turn suddenly solemn, like the spring weather that can quickly turn to rain.
Like Spring itself, she is capricious, innocent and knowing by turns.
Hail to the Maiden of Spring, the dawning of the year! Bring freshness into all our lives.”
I have been feeling so upset with myself for not feeling all positive and perky now that spring is here. But just as I was able to partially heal my fear of getting older by observing that many of the most fecund, passionate, lusty beautiful gifts of the Goddess of Love and Beauty don’t occur until mid summer (roses) to late summer and early autumn (apples), once again Nature teaches me that to embody the Spring Maiden isn’t always to be a smiling, dancing, positive sweetheart. Patriarchal modes of being and thinking love femininity when it’s all pretty pink blossoms and giggles and a soft touch, yet they shame our emotional expression, complexities and depth. This is why it’s incredibly important to recognise when men say they want feminine women if they want feminine women in their fullness, or feminine women who are only feminine when it benefits them. The Spring Maiden archetype is one of two feminine archetypes that patriarchy has accepted the most, as well as the abundant Summer Mother, but even these archetypes have aspects that patriarchal men who don’t actually like femininity (even if they insist they do) are threatened by.
Water is the element of emotion, and so if we believe spring to be the season of Water, that means accepting the Spring Maiden for all these She is, not just the easy-to-appreciate pleasant parts, and for all that we are, too. And so, it’s okay that I’m struggling right now. My rain-clouds are just as beautiful as my blossoms.The Spring Maiden is identical to the Dawn Maiden. Dawn and Spring symbolise hope, renewal, and indomitable innocence and optimism that refuse to be crushed by the cruelty of the world. Sadness only becomes all-consuming once you abandon the spirit within you that
believesKNOWS things can get better. I might be lonely and hurting over my dating prospects right now in a world that seems to be abandoning virtue, monogamy, marriage and family, but I refuse to believe that all men are like that and that chivalry and romance are completely dead, no matter how many voices tell me they are. On a much more important note I look at what’s going on in Palestine at the moment and while it’s incredibly tempting to just lose yourself to despair, I see beautiful smiling, laughing children in refugee camps, and I remember that if they can keep their innocence and hope alive, I have to, too. For them, for myself, and for the world. Evil only wins once we lose hope that it can be defeated. “We’ll cry tonight, but in the morning we are new // Stand in the sun, we’ll dry your eyes.” – Arise, Flyleaf.You can listen to my Ostara playlist here.

~ Rhianwen
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Finding The Solar Goddess of Love: A Look at UPG and Recorded Lore

Daylight by Taylor Swift Hello beauties. I hope if you’re in the Northern hemisphere like me, you’re enjoying the last of our summer days.
Here in the UK it has rained most days for the past six weeks. We had summer solstice, and then immediately after the jet stream and low pressure has doused us with nonstop rain, a sharp contrast to the droughts and heatwaves of last summer. In a way, it’s a good thing. The land probably needed it. I remember this time last year spending a week down south, and everywhere we went the grass was brown and dead. This year everything is beautifully green. Green and soggy. I really miss the sun. I’ve spent so much time inside. Last summer I spent hours every day sitting in my back garden soaking up the rays and feeling the warmth of the Divine Lady Sun Goddess kiss every inch of my body.
Which is my segue in to the topic of this blog post. The solar feminine, and specifically, the ‘solar goddess of love’.

Art by Wendy Andrew Last night at my moot, we listened to an illuminating talk about the origins of sun worship and the role it plays in our lives today as modern pagans. Most modern pagans focus more on the moon, which makes sense. In a world where solar energies have been the focus of patriarchal religion for thousands of years, and on a planet which is being devastated by global warming, it would make sense that many of us would want to seek refuge in cooler, gentler lunar energies- which are typically viewed as divine feminine energies. The sun, in many cultures, has been seen as masculine. This does make sense. If the earth is feminine, the womb of creation, the sun is the fertilising aspect of creation that joins in union with Mother Earth so that she can birth life. The rays can be seen as phallic, and the firey, sometimes angry nature of the sun can be compared to warrior-like energies. The moon and the earth, meanwhile, are typically seen as feminine, with the moon representing the mystical, intuitive aspects of the feminine (like the High Priestess card in the Tarot) and the earth representing the fertile, fecund aspects of the feminine (like the Empress card). This makes sense, and it works for plenty of people. For me, however, I’ve always felt more connected to not only solar energies, but specifically, divine feminine solar energies. I’ve tried, for years, to convince myself I should just do what everyone else does and go along with the solar masculine/lunar feminine dichotomy. I spend a lot of time in what many would class as ‘new age’ spaces, and that’s the party line at those. And I have no problem with them doing that, but it’s not me. It is so reductive and dogmatic to state with absolute conviction that the sun is masculine, when world history has gave us probably just as many sun goddesses as sun gods.

There are many reasons the sun has became much more associated with the masculine than the feminine in modern paganism and occult/magical thought. The incredible book Drawing Down the Sun gives some reasons for this, one of the major ones being the popularity of Max Müller’s theories at the time. Müller hypothesised that every single myth told the story of a heroic male solar god overcoming the darkness. His theories were later debunked, but certainly stuck around long enough to play an active role in what would later become the pagan revival movement. I’ll share a quote of hers below, but I really recommend buying the book and reading the whole thing. The chapter at the beginning, the Hidden Sun, goes in to a lot of detail about why the erasure of the solar feminine has occurred.
Ultimately, an active female sun would not have agreed with the morals and social taboos of the Victorians. Their interest in a universal language and making ancient myths fit the mold of Christianity made it impossible for the solar feminine to be recognized. A woman playing such a vital role in religion didn’t fit into their worldview. The passive, gentle moon reflected the ideal woman of the time far better than the vibrant, sometimes warlike sun. The popularity of classical myths further ingrained as the norm the idea of male/sun, female/moon.
Drawing Down the Sun by Stephanie WoodfieldThe solar feminine, to me, is also the Empress card in the Tarot just as much as the Earth is. She is Hemera. Helen of Troy. Eos. Aurora. Theia. Demeter. Dea Dia. The Sun Goddess of Arinna. Aditi. Hathor. Sekhmet. Bast. Isis. Aine. Etain. Epona. Alectrona. Rhiannon. Olwen. Gwenhwyfar. Elaine of Corbenic. Elen Luydogg. Iseult. Brigid. Grainne. Amaterasu. Sunna. Sulis. Eostre. Ausrine. Ostara. Hewsos. Saule. St. Lucia. Sai Rayya. Sophia. So many more.
While I do not want to bring gender stereotypes in to this so much (seeing as even the very fact that I view the sun as feminine contradicts typical modern Western gender associations), there’s a point I want to bring up here. Many people view the sun as masculine because its heat can be fierce, angry, full of rage, like a masculine warrior. In hot countries, the sun was often viewed that way (sometimes with sacrifices made to appease him). But in colder climates, especially in the North, the sun is more like a gentle lover, leaving kisses all over the land and radiating us with her presence. Some scholars have identified that Northern countries often opted towards sun goddesses, because its loving and gentle warmth would’ve been seen as feminine, whereas in hot countries closer to the equator the sun would be seen more as masculine because of its angry and often violent nature. Egypt is an interesting case because they had both male and female solar deities, and two solar goddesses who were two sides of the same coin, Hathor and Sekhmet, that embody both aspects of the sun.
Since I live in the rainy UK and suffer from Seasonal Affective Disorder in the winter, the sun to me is like a gentle lover who awakens me from my slumber. She blesses the land, and me, with Her solar kisses. In the spring time, she signals the animals, the land, and us to awaken. Animals begin reproducing at Her call. When I lie on the grass in the summer (fully covered in sunscreen- gotta be safe) and lay back, the feeling of Her rays on my skin feels like being wrapped in pure, divine, ecstatic love. I have a high heat tolerance, and when most people are suffering through heat waves, I am living my best life sitting in the shade and reading a book in a cute sun dress. Her playful games of hide and seek as she retreats behind clouds and slowly re-emerges make for breathtaking works of art in the sky, which fill me with awe and remind me of the love the Creator has for all of us. When She rises in the morning, She paints the sky all sorts of different hues: yellow, orange, pink, blue, purple, as the birds sing for Her. When it rains, She paints the sky even more colours with beautiful rainbows. Just before She sets at night, She makes everything golden, and this is my ideal time to take selfies because I have warm undertones and cool lighting does nothing for me! Even in the winter, She is a paler and cooler shade of yellow, but in some senses even brighter, and clear winter days can be just as exceptionally beautiful as summer ones. One of my favourite words is ‘Apricity’, which refers to the warmth of the sun in winter. I think of the Sami people, who have worshiped the sun for thousands of years in their icy climate, and the love they have for Her as she brings love and light to their frozen landscapes.

For these reasons, the sun, to me, is a symbol of love in all its forms: the love of a mother for her children, the altruistic love we ought to have for all of mankind, the love of a romantic couple in the throes of passion on their wedding night. I feel deeply connected to what I call the ‘Solar Goddess of Love’, which, interestingly enough and annoyingly enough because I wasn’t there, was the theme for the Goddess conference in 2019. The problem is, I don’t know what name I should call Her by. An obvious choice for a solar love goddess would be Hathor, but I know so little about Kemetism and have no connection to the land of Egypt, and want to stick in my relatively nearby and/or ancestral spheres. There is also Eos/Aurora, who takes many lovers, who is very near and near to my heart and I am incredibly fond of the Indo-European dawn goddess in all her forms, but again, I want to stick to the Celtic spheres. I have some hunches, and I have nailed it down to a few choices. I’m focusing on Celtic goddesses who I can link both to love and the sun, not one or the other.
Olwen

Olwen was the focus of an article I wrote in May here. I’ll touch on something here that I didn’t very much there, though. One aspect of the sun goddess, and the sun in general, is that of the descent in to the underworld and ascent back out of it. This is typically associated with Venus because of Her journeys through the sky, but the sun literally makes this same journey every night. In my research into Olwen as a sun goddess, I found several articles arguing that Olwen’s story can be interpreted similarly to that of Creiddylad’s, Guinevere’s and Blodeuwedd’s love triangles, aka the goddess being with the king of summer/solar hero half of the year and the king of winter/otherwordly champion the other half of the year (consensually or non-consensually, depending on the story and the lens through which the story is interpreted- but that’s a topic for another day). The difference is, the ‘winter king’ in Olwen’s story isn’t a lover, but her own father who will die if she marries. Her father, Ysbaddaden Bencawr, is an ancient giant, representing the old order (winter) trying to cling to his throne. The young Culhwch, then, is the untested solar hero seeking the hand of the Goddess. This story in the Mabinogion also features the love triangle between Creiddylad, Gwythyr, and Gwyn ap Nudd. Gwyn is the King of the Otherworld/Underworld (the two are often conflated and seen as one in the same). The ‘otherworldly champion’, ‘winter king’ figure represents cthonic values of darkness, chaos, magic, death and descent in to the underworld. When the solar goddess, or the nature goddess, is with him (be it as her father or her lover), she is in the underworld. When she is with the solar champion, who represents order, law, life, and logic, she is on the land or in the sky. The night and winter are obviously thematically connected, as are the day and summer. In this regard, Olwen and other sun goddesses can be seen as psychopomps, bringing their light to the dead and the souls in the Underworld when they descend down there at the dark half of the year, and bring them life anew as reincarnated souls at the start of the bright half of the year, like the Divine Daughter in Filianism. As I said in my original Olwen post, in my UPG Olwen is a ‘Lover archetype’ goddess and I associate her with sacred sexuality, viewing her similarly to how Rhiannon is often viewed in the Avalonian traditions of Glastonbury.
Rhiannon

Art by Wendy Andrew Rhiannon, in modern pagan circles, is for some reason often viewed as a lunar goddess. To be honest, I’m yet to find the reason for this. A big part of me wonders if its to do with the fact that the witchy figure in the song Rhiannon by Fleetwood Mac has become conflated with Rhiannon of the Mabinogion to the point people can’t tell where one ends and the other begins. More likely, though, it has something to do with the Wiccanised ‘every goddess is a moon goddess’ idea that is still firmly embedded in the Neopagan collective consciousness. Rhiannon, to me, is solar. She wears a gold dress, an undoubtedly solar colour, and is obviously a horse goddess. Horses, in most Indo-European traditions, represent the sun and the solar chariot. She, too, can be interpreted as a psychopomp figure in some senses, with her birds, the Adar Rhiannon, that can ‘wake the dead and lull the living to sleep’. At this year’s Goddess conference Katinka Soetens did an amazing talk on birds as psychopomp figures. Her journey across the land in her gold clothing (solar symbol) on her white horse (solar symbol) mirrors the journey the sun takes across the sky each day. While not much in Rhiannon’s story points to her being an obvious ‘love goddess’ upon first reading, her union with a human man to bless him with the sovereignty of the land can be read similarly to ‘Hieros Gamos’, the love-making between a priestess of the Goddess Inanna and a King in the Middle East to bring prosperity and abundance to the land. In this sense, many Celtic sovereignty goddesses can be read as love goddesses, but Rhiannon’s story speaks of not only love for a mortal man that she chose, but love for humankind, when she chooses to accept her punishment even though she knew she didn’t kill her baby rather than call her traitorous handmaidens out for lying. Today, many of her devotees have had direct experiences with her in which she manifests to them as a goddess of love, beauty and sacred sexuality, and that makes infinitely more sense to me than viewing her as a goddess of witchcraft and the moon, which some modern sources claim her to be. Many modern artistic depictions of her, such as the one above, depict her in red rather than gold. Possibly for two reasons: showing her as a goddess of love and sexuality, and also because the colour red is associated with the Otherworld from which she hails. Many of these depictions remind me of Olwen or Aine. I love the picture above, because of the large sun behind her. I assume the aquatic imagery is because of her later marriage to Manawydan, often interpreted as a sea god cognate with the Irish sea god Manannán mac Lir. I’ve seen other more modern ‘love goddess’ depictions of her with the sea, too, so I’m wondering if it’s also some syncretism with Aphrodite/Venus going on.
Áine

(Content warning for rape). Alright, hands up, I know fairly little about Irish paganism (other than Brigid) and I have not sat down and properly read Áine’s story. After writing this article, I’m going to make a concerted effort to do as much research on her as I can. From what I understand, she is a ‘fairy queen’ (which we all know is basically code for goddess) who is raped by various men seeking to be king, as she is a sovereignty goddess, like Rhiannon, and one must join in sexual union with her to be able to rule. However, it must be a union she consents to, as it is HER choice who the king is, and HER choice who she will sleep with. She righteously punishes these vile men and remains a powerful, sovereign goddess of love and beauty, and takes several lovers. Some believe her to be the lover of Manannán mac Lir, though some have him down as her father. Her name means ‘brightness, radiance, glow’ which obviously points her to being a sun goddess, though some interpret her as a moon goddess also. She is celebrated at Midsummer, obviously pointing to her solar associations. I placed her oracle card on my Midsummer/Litha altar this year. Considering her links to Manannán, her sovereignty goddess status, and the fact that she is also associated with horses, it’s reasonable to wonder if she derives from the same proto-goddess as Rhiannon, though I can’t prove that and would have to read more in to it. Some believe Áine’s sister to be another Irish goddess Grian/Gráinne, who weds the god of the underworld. Gráinne may also be another aspect of Áine herself. The two potentially represent the sun goddess in the light half of the year, and the sun goddess in the dark half of the year. Certainly Gráinne aligning herself with the god of the underworld points to the love triangle of seasonal sovereignty we see played out in Celtic myth again and again. I really like this idea of two sister sun goddesses for both halves of the year because, since I’ve been a kid, I’ve always felt like the winter sun and summer sun had very different energies, almost like they were two different luminaries. There’s a great article on this here.
There are a few honourable mentions, whom I also considered, but didn’t have enough to say on to justify their own paragraphs.
- Iseult: Not a goddess so much as a literary figure (but then the same can be said of a lot of the goddesses I worship, and it’s possible she, like many of them, is a humanised form of an earlier goddess). No direct links to the sun but her role as a skilled healer (the sun can be associated with healing) and a quote I read a while ago (see below) make me consider her a solar heroine. She is also, obviously, a figure associated with love and beauty and has been compared to Helen of Troy, another solar love figure.
- Elen Luydogg: While this story in the Mabinogion basically just serves as justification for the Roman colonisation of Britain, Elen’s depiction as a regal, golden-garbed (see a pattern here?) queen calling to the man she loves through his dreams to come and take his place by her side is very beautiful if you strip back the whole colonisation thing. The figure of Elen is a complicated web to untangle. There are a few different Elens all associated with Wales and sovereignty and to be perfectly honest with you I still don’t know where one ends and another begins. Don’t even get me started on the Elen of the Ways debate. Caitlin Matthews in the incredible book King Arthur & the Goddess of the Land speculates that she is related to Elaine of Corbenic, and though this is highly speculative conjecture, it’s worth mentioning. Wonderful priestess Ann of the Sheffield Goddess Temple wrote an article on similar lines about this elusive Elaine/Elen figure here as she was a goddess chosen for the circle of nine at the 2022 Goddess Conference which was themed on the Celtic sovereignty goddess.
- Brigid: Whilst Brigid is an obvious choice for Celtic sun goddess, she is not super related to romantic love, which was why I’m not sure if she’s the sun-lover goddess I’m looking for. That being said, she’s still a sister of her. Brigid has so much abundant, overflowing love for all of humankind, and does have different consorts depending on the story. Despite this, though, the sun-lover goddess I feel in my heart and soul has an obvious link to romantic love as well as altruistic love, and I’m just not getting that from Brigid. She is still a goddess very near and dear to my heart, though.
- Gwenhwyfar/Guinevere: Much of what has been said about virtually every goddess I’ve discussed in this article can also be said about Gwenhwyfar. She is an obvious figure of romantic love. She is the Queen of the Light Half of the Year (which Morgana being the Queen of the Dark Half of the Year) in Arthurian-influenced modern paganism. She is the sovereignty goddess who is often in a love triangle with Arthur, the solar hero, and various other men who represent the otherworldly champion archetype. Much of how I work with her, not just as an Arthurian queen but also a Brythonic goddess, is UPG based. Yes, she is the floral spring maiden like Blodeuwedd, and the summer queen like Aine, but she also has autumnal and winter aspects where she appears to me as a white goddess of death similar to the Cailleach or Ceridwen. Part of me believes this to be her sister aspect, Gwenhwyfach. I see her as both solar and lunar, depending on which side of the year she is representing. Interestingly enough, I know for a FACT I read something a while back that said someone had theorised Guinevere as a dawn goddess. It was either Max Müller or someone who believed in his theories and was working within his solar myth framework. However, I now can’t find it for the life of me and feel like I’m being gaslit by the internet. She has, however, always had solar energy to me (as well as lunar, like I said) and I’ve heard at least one other person share this UPG on a podcast, citing a vision she had of her as the ‘goddess of the golden wheel’ to Arianrhod’s silver wheel (which I’ve also seen said about Olwen). At one point soon I think I’ll write a full article on my views of Guinevere/Gwenhwyfar as both solar May Queen but also ‘white shadow’ goddess of death and winter (potentially her Gwenhwyfach aspect) which is very UPG based.
Here is a quote I read a while ago about the solar feminine, specifically pointing to the solar feminine’s function as Goddess of Love. This is the quote I was talking about above when I discussed Iseult/Isolde.
And again in the Irish heroine, Grainne, whose name comes from the Gaelic grian, “sun,” and who is the prototype for Isolde the Blonde. Moreover, isn’t it worth noting that, in modern Germanic and Celtic languages, the sun retains the feminine gender while the moon is masculine? It is even said that Tristan, the moon-man, cannot live for more than a month without having physical contact with Isolde, the sun-woman.
The Great Goddess by Jean MarkaleWe are about to enter in to the dark half of the year (or we already have, depending how you split the year). For most of my friends, this is a celebratory occasion, as many can’t stand summer and can’t wait for cosy cardigans, pumpkin spice lattes, and Samhain celebrations. But for me, I know my already precarious mental health is about to dip once again. But I have to remember that even when the goddess is in the underworld, she won’t be there forever, and neither will I. I have recently completed orientation in to the Sisterhood of Avalon, and am about to start the Avalonian Cycle of Healing shadow work practices as outlined in our founder Jhenah Telyndru’s book, Avalon Within, beginning with the Station of Descent. I am a solar, love-and-light energy type of girl, and always will be. But that doesn’t negate the parts of me that are darker, lunar, and wintery, that I must shine my solar light on to, and learn to love.
I am leaning towards Olwen as the ‘sun goddess of love’ that I am called to honour, but I know that whatever her name is, she is always with me, loving me, inspiring me, healing me, bolstering me, and filling me with energy. May I be Her Moon, Her priestess that reflects Her light to the world.
I hope you always feel the love of the solar goddess of love. I respect that, with the temperatures of our planet rising because of human error, the sun isn’t exactly a gentle, sweet lover in everyone’s eyes anymore, even here, far away from the equator. But let us reminder the Goddess is a Destroyer as well as a Creator, like Sekhmet, solar warrioress aspect of Hathor. May we begin to treat our planet with the respect she deserves, so the sun can remain a kind and sensual lover as much as possible.
I leave you with the lyrics to the beautiful song Hunter Moon by Kate Rusby, in which the moon is in love with the sun, who is female. Go listen to it, though, instead of just reading the lyrics. I promise, it’s worth it. Go listen to Daylight by Taylor Swift, as well, while you’re at it.
Softly the morning light,
Softly the dew,
Softly my soul will bend,
As she comes in view,
At dawn she is delicate,
And burning by noon,
The end of the day will come soon.And the stars in my lonely sky,
Are infinite bright,
And the stars know my soul will fly,
They’re holding it tight.There she is rising now,
My heart it might break,
The birds in her warmth will fly,
My soul it will ache,
And the world comes alive for her,
In awe at her gaze,
And suddenly the sky is ablaze,And the stars in my lonely sky,
Are infinite bright,
And the stars know my soul will fly,
They’re holding it tight.Say not her name to me,
For I live in the shade,
Briefly I see her,
As she starts to fade,
In silence we pass,
Our path is well worn,
In silence I wait for the dawn.And the stars in my lonely sky,
Are infinite bright,
And the stars know my soul will fly,
They’re holding it tight.Calmly I drift along,
Oh I will endure,
I only belong to her,
Of that I am sure,
Will I ever hold her,
I cannot presume,
For she’s the sun,
I’m only the moon.And the stars in my lonely sky,
Are infinite bright,
And the stars know my soul will fly,
They’re holding it tight.And the stars in my lonely sky,
Are infinite bright,
And the stars know my soul will fly,
They’re holding it tight.~ Rhianwen

Some book recommendations on the solar feminine:
- Sun Lover Goddess Myths (x)
- Drawing Down the Sun by Stephanie Woodfield
- O Mother Sun! by Patricia Monaghan
- The Sun Goddess by Sheena McGrath
aine, brigid, celtic paganism, celtic polytheism, divine feminine, elaine, elen, goddess, goddess of love, goddess spirituality, grainne, guinevere, gwenhwyfar, irish paganism, irish polytheism, iseult, isolde, love goddess, lover archetype, lover goddess, olwen, pagan, paganism, rhiannon, sacred sexuality, solar deity, solar feminine, summer, sun deity, sun goddess, welsh paganism, welsh polytheism -
Olwen: May Queen and Solar Goddess of Love
I know I said I was done with the Beltane/Calan Mai/May Day posts but we’re still in Beltane season until the solstice so I lied. And I have a couple more ideas for Beltane related posts. So there.
One of the Beltane/May Queen goddesses I’ve not really talked about is Olwen of the White Track. She is much more obscure and not as widely acknowledged in Brythonic polytheism/the Avalonian based traditions as her similar sister-goddesses Gwenhwyfar, Blodeuedd, Rhiannon etc. (Creiddylad, Yseult etc too but they’re also quite obscure).

artist unknown In the main text in which she appears, Culhwch and Olwen, she does not appear much in the story because obviously it’s a tale of Manly Knights doing Manly Knight Things, but she is the reason they headed off on their adventure to begin with, as in order to marry her, Culhwch has to go on an epic quest which will prove his worthiness to her father, Ysbaddaden (whose name refers to the hawthorne tree, an obvious link to Beltane), who will die if she marries. Many believe him to represent the old Winter King who does not want to give up his throne, with Olwen as the Flower Bride waiting to be set free from this overprotective paternal figure- one of the oldest examples of stories about fathers who believe no man to be good enough for their daughter, perhaps. This leaves Culhwch as the young, untested Summer Lord who needs the hand of the Flower Bride to begin his reign as Summer King.
But what makes Olwen so different from the other Flower Brides (other than it being her father and her potential lover who she is the hinge in the love triangle between and not two lovers) is, to me, she seems to have more agency. We do not hear things from her point of view, but she seems to actually be attracted to Culhwch. Culhwch asks for her hand, and she simply says her father won’t allow her to marry, not that she doesn’t want to. Red, to the Welsh Celts, was not, as far as we know, associated with sexuality as it is today, but represented the Otherworld (along with white). When we think of most of the Flower Brides, who many associate with the Maiden aspect of the Goddess, we think of them as wearing white. But Olwen, she wears red. From a contemporary comparative mythology and symbolism perspective, this to me indicates she is ready to become sexually active and enter in to the Lover stage of her life, the transitory period between Maiden and Mother. In the Avalonian tradition of Glastonbury Goddess Temple, Maiden, Mother, Crone is stretched to Maiden, Lover, Mother, Crone, with the Lover archetype representing Beltane (the Maiden instead represents Imbolc, the Mother at Lammas, and the Crone at Samhain). Olwen isn’t a passive figure who has little control over her fate like Creiddylad, or forced in to a marriage she didn’t consent to like Blodeuedd, or married for political reasons like Guinevere/Gwenhwyfar. She seems to actually want to marry, and it’s simply her father holding her back. Not to say that we cannot interpret the aforementioned goddesses as having agency too (the latter two definitely express agency in choosing who to love later on in their stories), but I feel like with Olwen there’s less reclamation that needs to be done. As well as her signature red gown, she is described as wearing many rings upon her fingers, and a necklace of red gold and jewels. She is fully aware of her beauty and sexuality, as opposed to a white-robed, demure, innocent maiden. It’s UPG and modern comparative mythology, sure, but I feel like Olwen is, probably along with Gwenhwyfar, the Flower Bride who is the most aware of her role as passionate Lover. Her red gown such as those worn in depictions of sensual Irish goddesses Áine and Medb, and jewellery worn by the likes of the Nordic love goddess Freya and Mesopotamian love goddess Inanna, tell her father “I’m not a little girl any more, dad.” I think about the way the Glastonbury Avalon tradition depicts Rhiannon, and that’s very close to how I view Olwen. I wonder if parts of Olwen’s energies are being channeled in these more modern depictions of Rhiannon as Lover Goddess.

Rhiannon altar at Glastonbury Goddess Temple or House Her name is said to mean ‘white track’. Where she steps, tiny flowers bloom below her feet. Like Brigid, and Ostara/Eostre, she arises from the underworld out of slumber to awaken the land. Today, while I was walking through a local green space to feed the birds, there were thousands of daisies. One of the best things about this time of year is the little wildflowers that cover the grass. There were so many daisies that I could smell them in the air as I walked. I imagined myself as Olwen, awakening the land with my footsteps.

There is some etymological research to suggest her name means ‘Golden Wheel’, in contrast to the Silver Wheel of Arianrhod, which may make her a sun goddess, due to the fact that the word ‘olwyn’ is believed to have meant Wheel, though I’m unsure where the ‘golden’ part come from. As a spring/summer goddess, she certainly is aligned with solar energies. Arianrhod doesn’t have as clear of a connection to the moon as people may think (though she certainly does with the stars), but as I’ve said in the past, modern interpretations of the domains of these deities aren’t invalid just because we can’t find indisputable proof for them. The silver wheel in Arianrhod’s name, if indeed ‘Rhod’ does mean wheel, I suppose could be due to her association with the Corona Borealis. That being said, I see no reason why modern pagans shouldn’t be able to associate Arianrhod with the moon. Moving back to Olwen, I get annoyed by the New Age and Wiccan idea that all goddesses are lunar and all gods are solar, when the Celtic pantheons and other European pantheons have no shortage of solar goddesses and in the Nordic tradition, the sun is female and the moon is male. One theory as to why there are more sun goddesses and moon gods the more north you get is that in warmer climates, the daytime sun is viewed as a harsh and aggressive force, associated with masculine energy, whereas the night is cool and gentle, associated with feminine energy. Whereas in more Northern climates, the nights are bitter and hard, whereas the warmth of the sun is benevolent and loving. I’ve always been drawn to solar goddesses, and Olwen is no exception.
In another story, Einion and Olwen, a young shepherd travels to the Otherworld, wins her heart, and the two marry and have a son named Taliesin (likely different to *that* Taliesin.) Olwen exercises plenty of agency in this tale, falling in love with Einion and wanting to marry him rather than him just pursuing her which is often the case in these stories. She has two sisters, pointing to a triple goddess, like Gwenhwyfar in the Welsh Triads, the three Brigids etc.

By Judith Shaw from her Celtic Goddess Oracle Card deck I have read her described as being the keeper of the Apple Orchard of the Otherworld, a role that is often given to the god Afallach, his daughter Modron, Morgan le Fay, and various sovereignty goddesses associated with the Otherworld. Given Olwen fits nicely in to this archetypal ‘family’ of Otherworld deities, and her associations with the colour red and love, I can accept this correspondence on the grounds of syncretism and comparative mythology, although I would like to find the source for it and the direct justification. Honestly, a lot of these sovereignty, love, spring and Otherworld goddesses are so similar that it can be hard to discern where one ends and one begins.
We can interpret Olwen as triple-aspected: when she is with her father during winter, she is the Lady of the Underworld. She then leaves with her lover to the upper world to bring about Spring, making her almost like a reverse Persephone. She is also a solar goddess, giving her heavenly connections. As such, she can be seen as Lady of the Underworld, Lady of the Earth, and Lady of the Heavens, just like Ostara/Eostre.

Olwen by Alan Lee The theme for the 2019 Glastonbury Goddess Conference was ‘Sun Lover’, a combination of the solar goddess & lover goddess archetypes. I cannot think of a better candidate for this than Olwen other than maybe Áine, who is an Irish goddess and therefore not as much of an ideal fit for an Avalonian tradition, but still relevant. I believe Áine was honoured as I read the little Sun Lover book published after the conference, but did not recall any mention of Olwen, which is a shame. I would love to see this powerful, beautiful, sensual, loving Goddess honoured more among those of us who gravitate towards Welsh traditions and the more neopagan, sacred feminine focused Avalonian traditions, especially at Beltane/Calan Mai, which is her time of year.
If you wanted to build an altar for Olwen, at Beltane or any time of year, here are some things you could include:
- Small white wildflowers, especially trefoils
- Gold rings and necklaces
- Solar imagery and crystals associated with the sun
- Red altar cloth, red candles
- Rubies
- Broom flowers
- Red roses
- Hawthorne flowers
- A printed off painting of her, or a drawing you’ve done yourself
- Makeup
I believe Olwen encourages women to embrace their beauty and sexuality, inflames the passion between lovers, and encourages women to be active participants in our own love lives. However, the fact that Culhwch had to perform thirteen impossible tasks to be able to marry her shows that we should have high standards for who we choose as our lovers, and we can invoke our inner masculine, our inner father, to hold that boundary for us if we feel we cannot do it through our feminine. She also tells us that ‘vanity’ is not a sin and its okay to want to dress up, wear makeup and jewellery to feel sexy and confident. When I put on my red dresses with matching signature red lipstick and gold jewellery, I instantly feel a boost of confidence and sexual, feminine power: Olwen’s influence. She also does not need to wait for a lover to awaken her sexuality, she seems capable of doing it herself, though she awaits her king to have someone to share it with. Therefore, she reminds me that I am capable of embodying the Lover Goddess and embracing my sensuality and sexuality whilst single, awaiting my king or queen to share it with.
Hail to the triple-aspected Lady of the Underworld, Lady of the Earth, and Lady of Heaven. Hail to the May Queen and Her King. Hail to the Summer!
~ Rhianwen
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Beltane: The Coronation of the Queen & King of the Land

Beltane, or, as I’ve been calling it more often since I’ve adapted a more firmly Welsh/Brythonic influenced path (I have just applied to join the Sisterhood of Avalon), Calan Mai, is my favourite festival in the Wheel of the Year. Everything about this festival sings to my soul. I’ve always loved May. The transition from the beginning of April to the end of April is so stark. The days are much longer, the trees are approaching their leafy fullness, and every patch of grass is alive with daisies, dandelions, bluebells, forget-me-nots and more (in my neck of the woods, your local wildflowers may be different). In the UK, we have two bank holiday Mondays this month, too, with an extra one this year due to the king’s coronation (which, regardless of your thoughts on the monarchy, the day off is very nice, and metaphysically May is the best month they could’ve picked for a coronation).
Beltane is celebrated slightly differently across different pagan paths, but there are some shared themes: fertility, the sun, summertime, light, fire. Historically, cattle would be driven between two bonfires to purify them. People would wash their faces with the morning dew to bring them beauty and a youthful appearance throughout the year. Hawthorne branches would be gathered and homes decorated with wildflowers. When the Romans conquered Britain, the festival was syncretised with Floralia, the feast day of Flora, the Roman goddess of flowers, and young women would weave flower crowns in her honour.

In my practice and Wheel observance, which is inspired by the various Avalonian traditions and Brythonic/Welsh mythology, Beltane/Calan Mai is where we honour the Sovereignty Goddess in Her Maiden guise of the Flower Bride, known by many names such as Gwenhwyfar/Guinevere, Olwen, Blodeuwedd, Creiddylad, Bláthnat, Iseult & more.
I’ve began to explain the Flower Bride deific to those unfamiliar with these stories by dubbing her a ‘Welsh Persephone figure’. Stories of the Flower Bride usually involve a love triangle, and she is always associated with spring time/summer time, and flowers; the Goddess that every May Queen embodies as well as the goddess Flora.
Like all Sovereignty goddesses, a man cannot step in to Kingship or more broadly speaking any sort of true power or leadership unless he is married to Her. If we are to take Her consort as being a god as well as a mortal king in these stories, which is fair to do because we know many deities were demoted to mortals in the Christianisation of the Welsh tradition, it is fair to say that while She is always a Goddess, He ascends to the rank of a God through Her, anointed and awakened through sacred sexuality. The phrase ‘men must become, women just are’ may have sexist connotations, but when applied metaphysically to divine masculinity and femininity, there is basis for it in some of our mythology. To me, this is because, if you imagine a wheel, the divine feminine is at the center at the divine masculine is the protective, moving rim, but there are many different perspectives on this.
In some Flower Bride stories, she is kidnapped and passed from one man to another and seems to have little agency, leading some to perceive these stories as sexist. I completely understand that, but something to consider is that we don’t have to perceive it that way if we don’t want to! There is no metaphysical, spiritual or nature-based reason why we have to imagine the Flower Bride being forcefully passed between two men, OR as an unfaithful woman of loose morals committing adultery, when we can instead cut away all the baggage and get to the metaphysical HEART and thesis of the story, which is “Seasons and Kings come and pass, but the Goddess is forever.” Her two lovers usually fill these two archetypes: Otherworldly Champion, associated with Winter, (sometimes known as the Holly King), and Solar Hero, associated with summer (sometimes known as the Oak King). Who she begins the story with and who she ends up with depends on the story. In Blodeuwedd’s story, she begins married to the Solar Hero, and falls in love with the Otherwordly Champion. In Olwen’s story, while not her lover, her father can be seen as analogous to the old Otherworldly King, and the young, untested Solar Hero has to win her hand. Gwenhwyfar/Guinevere, throughout Arthuriana, is constantly being kidnapped by various Otherworldly/dark figures who obviously represent the Winter King, or betraying Arthur for the young Lancelot who is, interestingly enough, both more of a young/youthful Summer figure, and also an Otherworldly Champion seeing as he is raised by the Lady of the Lake. In Creiddylad’s story, where she begins betrothed to the Solar Hero and is kidnapped by Gwyn Ap Nudd who is absolutely an Otherwordly Underworld king, the story is open ended because she returns to her father’s house and the two men must fight over her every May Day. Whichever man steals away (either by consensually wooing her or by kidnap) the Flower Bride can give us a clue about whether or not the story is about the dark half of the year giving way to the light half, or the light half giving way to the dark half. However, since myths are supposed to be read not as literal events taking place within the realm of time and space (unlike the Abrahamic stories which we’re supposed to take as factual events happening in linear time), but eternal, out-of-this-world events that play out on the World Stage (the Plemora in Platonism), all of the stories can be read as a metaphor for Seasonal Sovereignty and when the story ‘ends’, it begins again and she returns to her original lover, and the story repeats itself. Another thing to consider is that some scholars believe that when the Flower Bride is seemingly ‘kidnapped’ by these mystical/otherworldly figures such as Gwyn ap Nudd kidnapping Creiddylad or Melwas (who is potentially Gwyn in disguise) kidnapping Gwenhwyfar, what is actually happening is that he was her original lover first- the Flower Bride was kidnapped initially by the Solar Hero and the Otherwordly Champion is merely taking her home where she belongs. Considering Flower Brides are very clearly otherworldly in origin, this holds up. The most interesting example of this, to me is a lesser-known story in which Edern ap Nudd, another son of the clearly otherworldly Nudd/Nodens and brother of Gwyn ap Nudd, who in one story is adversarial towards Gwenhwyfar, is her lover who seduces her away from Arthur. Perhaps the Otherworldly figure was truly the good guy in these stories and him being demonised as a ‘kidnapper’ is simply a case of ‘history is written by the victors’ since the Solar Hero is much more in alignment with Christian ideals as opposed to pagan, faery ones.

In other Sovereignty stories, where She takes forms other than Flower Bride, She is the golden-robed Apple Queen of the Otherworld who reveals Herself to worthy men who would be Her King. I see this as a more mature form of the Flower Bride. While the Flower Bride can be viewed as Spring/Early Summer Maiden, the Apple Queen is the Late Summer/Early Autumn Mother, fully authoritative and at the height of Her power. Sometimes she is a Winter Crone, who is turned in to a beautiful maiden again by the kiss (or more) of a worthy knight, representing either winter becoming summer again or simply the fact that the land must be brought back in to balance by choosing a rightful king. Sometimes she takes an adversarial form, such as Morgan le Fay, where she appears on the surface to be actively trying to hinder the heroes but from a pagan perspective we can understand Her as testing them to ensure they are up to the job of ruling the land that is Hers, especially given the fact that She represents the old pagan order and in the Christianised Arthurian stories, they represent the new Christian order. Given that they are essentially bringing great change upon the land, why would She not do what she can to ensure those of the new order can respect the natural laws of Sovereignty and do right by Her people?
While Beltane is usually a celebration of the Flower Bride aspect of Sovereignty, I consider Rhiannon to represent more of the Golden Queen/Apple Queen aspect, placing her period of rule more firmly in the later days of summer. However, she is celebrated at this time of year, too, in the Avalonian tradition practiced by Glastonbury Goddess Temple and its priestesses and priests. I do think, as a sovereignty goddess, it makes a lot of sense to celebrate her at Beltane too. Rhiannon of the Glastonbury Avalonian traditions seems to embody aspects of various goddesses of love and sexuality, placing Her in a red gown (like that worn by Olwen), and is seen in a similar way to other sovereignty goddesses such as Aine and Medb. She also seems to have more obviously Venusian elements, acknowledging the Celtic connection between mares and the sea, and the fact that in the third branch of the Mabinogion she marries Manawydan, often thought to be a Welsh version of Manannán mac Lir, an Irish sea god. This modern view of Rhiannon is very much that of a love and femininity goddess in the vein of Aphrodite, Ishtar and Mary Magdalene, and while the Celtic tradition doesn’t really have deities with such clearly defined domains, I can very much understand why Rhiannon has taken on that mantle, and believe other Sovereignty Goddesses such as Gwenhwyfar to also be love goddesses (To quote Caitlin & John Matthews in their book Ladies of the Lake: “In a tradition that does not go in for Classical goddesses of love, Guinevere is virtually the British Venus.” I recommend this video for further exploration of this, in fact, her whole channel is excellent, and so is her blog which you can find over at White Rose of Avalon. Demelza Fox of Rockstar Priestess also references Rhiannon as a love goddess here at 7:09 onwards.

A priestess I know and admire said the other day that being single during the Beltane period is almost like being single during Valentine’s Day and she’s so right, it really is. Celebrating sacred sexuality, union, the sacred marriage/hieros gamos and all of those things when you’re single feels a bit weird. Especially because it was this time last year that I entered my first proper relationship and now I’m back to square one. But I truly love this topic, and am celebrating fertility and the union of masculine and feminine within myself and in the earth around me. Considering I’ve had such a complicated relationship with the topics of love and sexuality, though I am not the kind of woman who most obviously embodies this type of energy at first glance, I feel very much in alignment with the Lover archetype of the Goddess, and when I’m financially better off and can afford the costs of travel & accommodation I very much intend to do the Priestess of Rhiannon sacred sexuality training one day. While I do not currently worship the masculine God, I do acknowledge him in his archetype of King of the Land, in both his Otherwordly Champion and Solar Hero guises. For deeper exploration of this, check out Caitlin Matthews’ ‘King Arthur and the Goddess of the Land’. I may not be devoted to the pagan God but He is a part of my life, and I credit Him with healing many of my issues with the masculine and allowing me to feel safe enough to enter in to my first relationship with a man last year. He does not force Himself in to my life or my practice as He knows this isn’t what I need right now. Instead, he is a presence that holds me, protects me and asks for nothing in return, and perhaps one day I will devote myself to Him as fully as I do with the Goddess. Below is the King & Goddess Wheel of the Year from King Arthur & the Goddess of the Land, which I am incorporating in to my usual Wheel observance as a way to acknowledge the journey of the Sovereign King.

Sexuality is something I don’t think our culture has ever been able to ‘get right’. The pendulum never settles nicely in the middle. Instead, the ideal woman is either a chaste Madonna or a wild Whore with no sexual boundaries. Sex before marriage makes you tainted and impure (especially if you’re a woman) or it’s a requirement to be as sexually open as possible if you want to find a partner and those who don’t are shamed as prudes. Either the only acceptable way to have sex is a married, heterosexual couple doing missionary once a month with the lights off until the man finishes and the woman lies there unsatisfied OR all kinks and fetishes, even the most dangerous and degrading ones, are seen as utterly exempt from criticism and teenage girls end up hospitalized trying to do things their boyfriends have seen in hardcore porn. Either we’re never allowed to talk about or acknowledge sex or we can scarcely turn on our televisions without seeing pornography. I believe Sacred Sexuality is the cure for this, the one view of sexuality we’ve never truly tried in our culture, either demonising sex or forcing it down everyone’s throats to the point where it looses all its meaning. But our bodies are holy and pleasure is our birthright. Sacred sexuality occurs when we truly treat sex with the reverence it deserves, as a spiritual sacrament, and you see the God or the Goddess in your partner. In heterosexual relationships, this comes in the form of union of opposites, Chalice/Grail and Blade/Wand, Goddess and God, Queen and King. At a time when gender relations are so rife with tension and an almost sibling rivalry type of energy, when women, deeply hurt by misogyny, declare men are useless trash who don’t need to exist and men declare that women should submit and be led by men, I believe union between the masculine & the feminine are needed now more than ever, not as competitors battling for dominance, neither one submitting to or domineering over the other, but two equally valuable and potent forces that stand side by side. But homosexual relationships are no less sacred; metaphysically they can be explained as Source returning to Source, and there are various pagan traditions that celebrate gay love, though on the surface I can see why it may seem like all this talk of union between masculine & feminine at Beltane means gay love is less worthy. I want to assure you that as a bisexual woman and someone who thought I was a lesbian for many years, that’s not the case. For lesbians, I suggest looking in to the Dianic tradition and to Artemisian and Sapphic sexual mysteries, and to gay men I point you towards the Feri tradition, which I believe deeply celebrates love between men.

Last month in my moot, I gave my talk about the Flower Bride and the King of the Land, which was my first time giving a full talk on a pagan topic. Before that, we performed a small ritual in which I was the May Queen/Flower Bride & the embodiment of the Goddess, whereas the amazing Kev was our Green Man/Jack-in-the-Green/Oak King/God. I was so so nervous about that talk but everyone loved it and gave me such positive feedback. Interesting that based on our ages and genders we have Holly King, Oak King, Maiden, Mother & Crone here, as Jan remarked!

On May Day itself, which obviously is a bank holiday (another reason why Beltane is my favourite of the Wheel festivals!) I hosted a pagan gathering for the first time. We performed a simple ritual, I told the story of Rhiannon & Pwyll, exchanged gifts, made flower crowns, ate picnic food, sang songs, did some spellwork & just enjoyed each other’s company in a little grove we found right next to a hawthorne tree/May bush, which we didn’t even realise until we sat down. It was genuinely one of the best days I’ve had so far this year and I’m so grateful to everyone who came. I almost cancelled so many times because I didn’t think anyone would come. I’m manifesting, praying & hoping for more of this in my life.


Before I finish off with a bibliography of reading I’ve done last month and prior to that relating to these topics, I want to leave you with two poems I’ve written about Beltane. One was written last year and partially inspired by my former muse, my ex boyfriend, who is no longer in my life, but I am still thankful for what he did for me and the way he showed me what requited, healthy love feels like, and I see no reason why I would have to discard the whole poem when its themes are universal. The other was written specifically with the theme of the Goddess choosing Her God/the May Queen choosing the May King in mind, and I read it aloud at both Beltane events mentioned above. In this latter one I really wanted to acknowledge the Lover archetype between Maiden and Mother, the archetype honored by the Glastonbury Avalonian tradition at Beltane.
Sound the trumpets, blow the horns!
She shall be a maiden no more.
Light the fires, call the dance! She meets her paramour.Dressed in crimson, dressed in white,
Their innocence, their love.
From their union comes the light,
The Firebird and the Dove.He is hers and she is his,
They leap over the flames.
Kiss me now, touch me there,
Begin the fun and games.She makes him king, he crowns her queen,
Sovereignty through desire.
The Lady and the Horned One’s love
Forged in Beltane’s fire.
She whose body is the land
And rules with a flower sceptre
Initiatrix-Queen of Kingship
Calls only he who is worthy
To join her in divine sovereignty
And as her hero kneels before her
She lays an antlered crown upon his head
And leads him to his throne
Then he, newly crowned Solar King
Her chosen Champion
Unmatched in power, passion and potency
Awakens her potential through his touch
And soon her belly will swell
And her blossoms will be transformed
Into the most succulent of fruits
But for now, tonight, it’s just them
Young and wild king and queen
And the roaring fires of Beltane
In which they stand in the liminality
Between Maiden and Mother
Between Youth and Father
We say Hail to the Summer
And to the Sovereign LoversAs promised, here’s some reading if you want to learn more about the Flower Bride/Sovereignty Goddess and Her King.
- Blodeuwedd: Welsh Goddess of Seasonal Sovereignty by Jhenah Telyndru
- Rhannon: Divine Queen of the Celtic Britons by Jhenah Telyndru
- Flower Face: A Devotional Anthology in Honor of Blodeuwedd by Ninth Wave Press
- King Arthur & the Goddess of the Land by Caitlin Matthews
- Ladies of the Lake by Caitlin & John Matthews
- Once & Future Queen by Nicole Evelina
- Priestess of Avalon, Priestess of the Goddess by Kathy Jones

Sorry, one last thing, then I promise that’s it! Here is my Beltane playlist, featuring mostly pagan songs with a sprinkling of Taylor Swift, because it wouldn’t be a Rhianwen playlist without at least one Taylor Swift song (convert to paganism, Taylor, please, the Christian conspiracy theorists already all think you’re an actual witch!)
The actual/seasonal astrological date for Beltane is tomorrow, so regardless of when you celebrate I hope you all have/have had a wonderful Beltane/Calan Mai/May Day/Floralia etc. May your summer be full of love, sunshine, optimism & magic.
Rhianwen
avalon, avalonian, avalonian tradition, beltaine, beltane, blodeuwedd, brythonic polytheism, celtic polytheism, creiddylad, divine feminine, divine masculine, flower bride, goddess, goddess religion, goddess spirituality, goddess worship, gwenhwyfar, king of the land, paganism, rhiannon, sovereignty, sovereignty goddess -
Ostara/Eostre: Hail to the Goddess of the Dawn & Spring

My Ostara altar So, last week, we who follow the modern Celtic-Anglo-Germanic Wheel of the Year with its equinoxes, solstices and four Celtic cross quarterly festivals celebrated Ostara last week. Ostara has always been one of my favourites in the Wheel, and when I was a Christian I always loved Easter. Every year when we were little, my mum would make us these Easter bonnets for school, with daffodils and chicks and pastel eggs all over them. I love the aesthetics and imagery of this time of year, and how we finally emerge fully from the Descent period, ready to climb up the mountain of Summer that reaches its peak at Summer Solstice.
My mood has been up and down. I think I truly believed that by the time spring rolled around I’d be over my breakup and be going on dates, ideally with the same person with view to exclusivity. Instead, my love life is still nonexistent despite my best efforts at using dating apps and websites, speed dating, joining new social groups to meet like-minded people, etc. Last year, it seemed like everything in my life was so perfectly aligned with the seasons, especially my love life, in which I went on a first date around Ostara with the man who would end up becoming my first love, and then the two of us made things official around Beltane, and so on. While I still have a bit of time to recreate that pattern, I don’t want to set my hopes too high because unfortunately, life doesn’t always follow the reliable, ordered patterns of Nature, especially not when other people are involved. So, I’m doing everything I can to find happiness and contentment without the need for another partner. The fear I have is that while it’s okay that I’m single now, I’m vastly approaching my thirties and am terrified of the drop in my fertility that will accelerate each year from now on.
But I’m trying not to think about it (not easy) and just focus on the wonderful, magical experiences I’ll get to have this spring and summer by myself and with friends. At this point my approach is just ‘fake it until you make it’ and pray that eventually, all the things I’m doing to try and trick my brain in to being happy will eventually work. For some reason every time spring rolls around, my social life tends to take off. I have a few concerts, parties and things coming up, and of course, I’m excited about my annual visits to our little women’s gathering in Wales and my yearly pilgrimage to Glastonbury-Avalon, my spiritual home.
I wanted to talk a little about how I understand Ostara, because there’s a lot of conflicting information out there around it. Following on from that I wanted to do some comparative analysis to the story and character archetypes in the story of Sleeping Beauty. There are many deities associated with this time of year, but I’m going to choose a handful of ones that are relevant to my practice and understanding of spiritual metaphysics.
Astrological New Year
The Spring Equinox is the astrological new year, when the Sun enters Aries, celebrated in Babylon as the day light emerges from the darkness as the warrior god Marduk defeats the Creatrix dragon goddess, Tiamat, and reforms the world. Some believe this to represent the defeat of the matriarchal order by the patriarchal order, some believe it to represent us learning how to make sense out of nature via agriculture and scientific progress, other believe its a mix of the two. As a Mother Goddess worshipper, I’m not a fan of this story and the understanding it has given so many that the Mother Goddess is a malevolent force of chaos that must be conquered and dominated (cough Jordan Peterson cough) but in terms of its connection to the astrological new year, I thought it was worth mentioning.
Dying & Resurrecting Son-Gods

One of the main motifs we see is the resurrection of the god of vegetation, the King of the Land. This is one of two ‘Son God’ variants we tend to see across the world. He is the Son, Lover, or sometimes both of the Earth Goddess. The other one is associated with the sun, and is often reborn (sometimes, but not always, as a baby) on Winter Solstice. Examples of this include Mithras, Sol Invictus, etc. The former ‘Son God’ is more rooted in the Earth than the sun, and his body is linked with the vegetation itself. This god tends to be reborn on Spring Equinox. Examples of this include Attis, Osiris, Dionysus, etc. I prefer this version of the archetype over the latter because I don’t like this earth feminine/solar masculine split we see fairly often in new age spaces, just doesn’t feel right within my soul. Whether it be the Vegetation God or the Sun God, it’s not hard to see parallels between this and the birth, death and resurrection of Jesus Christ, leading many to speculate that there may be a link. It is possible that this theme of death and rebirth is simply an eternal truth that is so instinctual that we have told the same story over and over again, rather than Christians simply taking the idea from earlier pagan mystery cults. One thing to keep in mind is in both of these myths, the Goddess is the unchanging, primordial force. The Sun arises from the Earth when it comes over the horizon, or from the darkness (most spiritual systems believe darkness came before light). The Vegetation, which is constantly grown and then reaped and replanted, arises from the Earth, the ever-present soil. This does not make the Son subservient to the Mother, He grows to be Her equal in all things and is just as necessary as She is to the Cosmic Order, but it is a humbling reminder to all of patriarchy’s most ardent defenders that all life comes from the Divine Feminine. Perhaps that is why Abrahamic tradition subverts this, and to this day, those religions are the only ones to do so, as far as I know. Even patriarchal pagan religions knew that the masculine arises from the primordial feminine.
The Divine Daughter

While there is no official date given for the return of Kore/Persephone to her mother Demeter in the myth, it is fair to assume it is Spring Equinox. I always felt like Dionysus and Persephone were parallels, and while the Orphic tradition mainly worshiped Dionysus’ resurrection, I believe they honoured Persephone’s emergence from the Underworld, too. While Inanna-Ishtar is not related to this time of year (despite viral misinformation claiming so), I feel like many people within the Goddess tradition, syncretists, comparative mythologists etc intrinsically understand Inanna, Persephone, and similar goddesses who descend in to hell and then return to be the parallel Divine Daughter archetype to the Divine Son mentioned above. Whereas the Son dies and is reborn, the Daughter descends and ascends (much like Venus, the Morning Star). Some researchers claim that the Mother-Daughter/Maid Dyad is older yet than the Mother-Son Dyad, and that the Demeter and Persephone story is merely one of the few Mother-Daughter myths that carried through to patriarchal Hellenic religion from an older, more matriarchal belief system (potentially from Crete). Unfortunately I do not have any citations for you at this moment but it’s something I’ve seen mentioned a few times in books. For years I was part of a tradition called Filianism in which this Dyad (as well as the feminine trinity of Mother, Daughter and Absolute Deity, similar to Maiden-Mother-Crone) was the core focus of the mythos and metaphysics. Eastre (Ostara) was the day in which the Daughter (known as Inanna, Anna, Jana, or Kore) is resurrected by the love of the Mother (Marya, Mari) and reigns as Princess of the World, ready to be crowned Queen of Heaven at Exaltia (Beltane). While I have moved away from this tradition for a couple of different reasons, their syncretic approach to this Divine Daughter archetype truly moves me, because I believe Her erasure in our traditions to be such a missed opportunity. If Patriarchy seeks to separate the Son from the Mother, it DEFINITELY seeks to separate the Daughter from the Mother, and as women, reconnecting to our Mother-Line and female ancestresses is so important to our goal in relighting the flame of the divine feminine in the modern world.

The Light of the Dawn

I did mention this in some detail in my Imbolc post, but it is actually more relevant here than it was there. One of the oldest goddesses whose worship, correspondences etc we know about is the Dawn Goddess. Usually the Daughter of the Sky Father, she awoken the world from its slumber at morning, and was also associated with spring. Like I said in my Imbolc post, if the year was a day, Spring Equinox would be the glorious dawn when the sky is ablaze with glorious gradients of pink, lavender, orange and blue. While the sun is usually considered masculine in modern Neopagan syncretism, many syncretists would be hard pressed to argue that the dawn doesn’t bring to mind a beautiful solar maiden. She has many names across the Indo-European sphere: Eos, Thesan, Mater Matuta, Prende, Ataegina, Aurora, Ausrine, Ushas, some even theorize a link to Aphrodite, but for our purposes, as this is holiday in a Wheel of holidays based on syncretised Celtic and Germanic roots, we are focusing her under the name of Ostara (Germanic) or Eostre (Anglo-Saxon), beautiful spring maiden who loves all things fresh, innocent, and new. It is frustrating to see misinformation on two opposite sides of the spectrum that claims She is either definitely a modern, new age invention, or that the Christians stole absolutely everything from Ostara/Eostre which also isn’t true. Or worse, the belief that somehow Easter derives from Ishtar. The facts: We know beyond a shadow of doubt that Hewsos, the Dawn Goddess, had several variations as the Indo Europeans conquered various territories and bought their gods with them. It stands to reason that Eostre and Ostara would be linguistically connected with these, and while Bede was the only one to mention Her, there’s little reason to suspect he was lying, and it would in fact be counteractive to his Christian agenda to do so. This is by far one of the best articles about this topic I’ve read.
While many bad faith so-called ‘feminist’ interpretations of the fairytale Sleeping Beauty have been written over the years about how it tells the story of a man sexually assaulting an unconscious woman, the story is arguably a parable for the return of spring. The Divine Daughter is born to the King and Queen. The wicked fairy represents the Queen of Winter, of the Unseelie Court. The royal family attempted to shut her out of their homes, but they can not deny her for long. As much as they like to deny it, they are not too civilized and protected that Winter won’t come to them (compare to the Green Knight disturbing the festivities at King Arthur’s New Year’s Eve party). The baby is cursed by the Queen of Winter to die upon reaching the full stature of maidenhood. The curse is altered by three good fairies of the Summer Seelie Court, who ensure that she does not die but is simply in a slumber but can be awoken if she receives true love’s kiss- representing that due to divine providence, the very natural order of things, winter will always come to pass. She grows up fair, graceful and good, and meets a young man with whom she falls instantly in love with (I don’t want to hear your yapping about how unrealistic it is- it’s a fairy story!). Soon after this her curse catches up to her and she dies upon pricking her finger on the spindle of a spinning wheel. But her prince, as promised by the fairies, is able to awaken her with a kiss. Now, I can hear the ‘UM ACTUALLYs’ about to tell me that she was actually raped by the prince, but that version of the tale belongs to a version called Sun, Moon and Talia by Giambattista Basile and is not, as far as we know, present in every version of the earliest oral tradition. There are many, many versions of these fairy stories and trying to say one way or another which is ‘the true one’ is a waste of time, but there’s no evidence Basile’s version represents the ‘original story’ as many pseudo-intellectuals claim. Now, there is still room for some feminist analysis here- why is the solar Daughter principle made in to a passive Earth allegory in Her story instead of awakening the land in Her golden chariot as She actually does in Nature and mythology, for instance? But, overall, it’s not something I worry about because I’m just happy that, once again, the Goddess hides in plain sight in our fairytales and folklore. Plus, technically it was the good fairies that saved her, not the prince, seeing as they made the prince’s rescue mission possible to begin with! Just like how the prince is credited for saving Cinderella when, if anyone did, it was her Fairy Godmother (the Crone who initiates the Maiden, allowing her to step in to her power).
I don’t think it’s a coincidence that Disney chose to name their version of Sleeping Beauty ‘Aurora’, a name of the Dawn Goddess (although perhaps this name was found in an earlier version of the story- I’m unsure). Even her dress has variants in both pink and soft blue, reflecting the colours of the sky at dawn.

I have experienced the Dawn Goddess so strongly for years. Since I was a little girl obsessed with Greek mythology, in fact, and came across a picture of Eos with her ruddy wings and hair and fell in love. She became somewhat an imaginary friend of mine and it’s crazy to me that two decades later She is still such a massive part of my life. I have this Barbie, Morning Sun Barbie, who very clearly represents this Auroran Goddess archetype and sits on one of my shelves. I do not consider this an altar and I do not use the doll for worship purposes but I have to admit I do smile at her, blow her a kiss or simply touch the hem of her gown before I leave the house sometimes.

Lastly, here’s a link to my Ostara playlist. I want to make these for every Wheel festival from now onward.
Things still kind of suck for me right now, and maybe they do for you, too. But we don’t know what’s around the corner. Life comes at you fast and can change at any minute. Congratulations on getting through the winter, and I wish you nothing but happiness and joy as we begin our ascent to the Summer Solstice. Love you all.
~ Rhianwen





